Cardiac Arrest during Major Spinal Scoliosis Surgery in a Patient with Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy Undergoing Intravenous Anaesthesia

Ausems M , Hug CC , Stanski DR , Bum AGL. Plasma concentrations of alfentanil required to supplement nitrous oxide anaesthesia for general surgery. Anesthesiology 1986; 65:362–73.

Heykants J , Geerts P , Noorduin H , Van den Bussche G. The pharmacokinetic basis of alfentanil infusion. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1987; (Suppl. 11):17–24.

Hunter S. The heart in muscular dystrophy. Br Med Bull 1980; 36:133–34.

Brownell AKW. Malignant hyperthermia: Relationship to other diseases. Br J Anaesth 1988; 60:303.

Mortier W , Breucking E. Diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. The significance of in vitro susceptibility tests. Anaesthetist 1993; 42(10):675–83.

Ginsburg R , Porterfield K , Lippmann M. Propofol: bolus induction plus continuous infusion in a patient with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Anesthesiology 1991; 75:376.

Juhel A , Malledant Y. Association propofol-alfentanil pour chirurgie corneene chez un patient attient d'une maladie de Duchenne de Boulogne. Annales Francaises d'Anesthesie et de Reanimation 1992; 11:395–6.

Slucka C. The electrocardiogram in Duchenne progressive muscular dystrophy. Circulation 1968; 38:933–40.

Sanyal SK , Johnson WW. Cardiac conduction abnormalities in children with Duchenne progressive muscular dystrophy: electrocardiographic features and morphologic correlates. Circulation 1982; 66:853–63.

Moorman JR , Roses AD. Cardiomyopathy associated with neuromuscular disorders. In: Giles TD , Sander GE , eds. Cardiomyopathy. PSG Publishing Co, Inc., Littleton, MA, USA 1988: pp 403–409.

Sethna NF , Rockoff MA , Worthen HM , Rosnow JM. Anaesthesia related complications in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Anesthesiology 1988; 68:462–65.

Lang SA , Duncan PG , Dupuis PR. Fatal air embolism in an adolescent with Duchenne muscular dystrophy during Harrington instrumentation. Anesth Analg 1989; 69(1):132–4.

Ebert TJ , Muzi M , Berens R , Goff D , Kampine JP. Sympathetic responses to induction of anaesthesia in humans with propofol or etomidate. Anesthesiology 1992; 76:725–33.

Patrick MR , Blair IJ , Feneck RO , Sebel PS. A comparison of the haemodynamic effects of propofol and thiopentone in patients with coronary artery disease. Postgrad Med J 1985; 61:23–27.

Boyle WA , White PF , Rendig SV. Negative inotropic effects of propofol versus etomidate and thiopental on rabbit papillary muscle. Anesth Analg 1989; 68:S35.

Riou B , Besse S , Lecarpentier Y , Viars P. In vitro effects of propofol on rat myocardium. Anesthesiology 1992; 76:609–616.