Painless Epidural Haematoma

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Yoshida T. , Mori E. , Yamadori A. Acute spinal haematoma in MRI-CT, following continuous epidural anaesthesia with spontaneous recovery. Rinsho-Shinkeigaku 1989; 29 (2): 226–9.

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Cooper D.W. Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma. J Neurosurg 1967; 26 (3): 343–5.

Sreerama V. , Ivan L.P. , Dennery J.M. , Richard M.T. Neurosurgical complications of anticoagulant therapy. Can Med Assoc J 1973; 108: 305.

Cousins M.J. Epidural neural blockade. In Cousins M.J. , Bridenbaugh P.O. , eds. Neural Blockade in Clinical Anaesthesia and Management of Pain. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia 1980; 253–254.

Gustaffson H. , Rutberg H. , Bengtsson M. Spinal haematoma following epidural analgesia. Report of a patient with ankylosing spondylitis and a bleeding diathesis. Anaesthesia 1988; 43 (3): 220–2.

Usubiaga J.E. Neurological complications following epidural anaesthesia. Int Anaesthesiol Clin 1975; 13: 1–153.

Adriani J. , Naragi M. Paraplegia associated with epidural anaesthesia. South Med J 1986; 79 (11): 1350–5.

Kane R.E. Neurological deficits following epidural or spinal anaesthesia. Anesth Analg 1981; 60: 152–160.

Scott D.B. , Hibbard B.M. Serious non-fatal complications associated with extradural block in obstetric practice. Br J Anaesth 1990; 64: 537–541.

Owens E.L. , Kasten G.W. , Hessel E.A. Spinal subarachnoid haematoma after lumbar puncture and heparinization; a case report, review of the literature, and discussion of anaesthetic implications. Anesth Analg 1986; 65 (11): 1201–7.

Odoom J.A. , Sih I.L. Epidural anaesthesia and anticoagulant therapy. Experience with one thousand cases of continuous epidurals. Anaesthesia 1983; 38: 254–9.

Brem S.S. , Hafler D.A. , Vannllitert R.L. , Ruff R.L. , Reichert W.H. Spinal subarachnoid haematoma. A hazard of lumbar puncture resulting in reversible paraplegia. N Engl J Med 1981; 304: 1020–1.

Darnat S. , Guggiari M. , Grob R. , Guillaume A. , Viars P. A case of spinal extradural haematoma during the insertion of an epidural catheter. Ann Fr Anaesth Reanim 1986; 5 (5): 550–2.

Cooke E.D. , Lloyd M.J. , Bowcock SA , Pilcher M.D. Monitoring during low-dose heparin prophylaxis. N Engl J Med 1976; 294: 293–4.

Rao T.L.K. , El-Etr A.A. Anticoagulation following placement of epidural and subarachnoid catheters: an evaluation of neurological sequelae. Anesthesiology 1981; 55: 618–20.

Dickmann C.A. , Shedd S.A. , Spetzler R.F. , Shettar A.G. , Sonntag V.K. Spinal epidural haematoma associated with epidural anaesthesia: complications of systemic heparinization in patients receiving peripheral vascular thrombolytic therapy. Anesthesiology 1990; 72 (5): 947–50.

Onischuk J.L. , Carlsson C. Epidural haematoma associated with epidural anaesthesia: complications of anticoagulant therapy. Anesthesiology 1992; 77: 1221–1223.

Bergqvist D. , Lindblad B. , Matzsch T. Low molecular weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis and epidural/spinal anaesthesia—is there a risk? Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1992; 36 (7): 605–9.

Metzger G. , Singbartl G. Spinal epidural haematoma following epidural anaesthesia versus spontaneous spinal subdural haematoma. Two case reports. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1991; 35 (2): 105–7.

Ganjoo P.G. , Singh A.K. , Mishra V.K. , Singh P.S. , Bannerjee D. Postblock epidural haematoma causing paraplegia. Reg Anaesth 1994; 19 (1): 62–65.

Choquet O. , Krivosic-Horber R. , Delecroix M. , Huriau M. , Pruvo J.P. Subarachnoid haematoma after spinal anaesthesia and low molecular weight heparin. Ann Fr Anaesth Reanim 1993; 12 (4): 428–30.

Bromage P.R. Editorial: Masked mischief. Reg Anaesth 1993; 18: 143–144.

Tekkok I.H. , Cataltepe O. , Tahta K. , Bertan V. Extradural haematoma after continuous extradural anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1991; 67 (1): 112–5.