A Double-Blind Comparison of Epidural Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine-Fentanyl for Caesarean Section

Abstract

The effect of adding fentanyl 100 mcg to bupivacaine 0.5% plain to establish epidural anaesthesia for elective caesarean section was investigated in a randomised, double-blind study of sixty healthy women. The quality of intraoperative analgesia as assessed by both patients and anaesthetists was significantly improved with fentanyl. The onset and duration of sensory anaesthesia, degree and duration of motor block, and other characteristics of epidural anaesthesia were unaltered. No adverse maternal side-effects (except mild pruritis) were noted and neonatal outcome was unaffected. The pharmacokinetics of epidural fentanyl administration were investigated by plasma fentanyl assays from maternal and cord blood taken at delivery.

Epidural bupivacaine-fentanyl combination is a valuable therapeutic approach to the conduct of epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section in healthy women and foetuses. Further neonatal evaluation of the premature or compromised foetus is suggested before the universal application of this technique.