The Early History of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Miller B.J. , Gibbon J.H. , Gibbon M.H. Recent advances in the development of a mechanical heart and lung apparatus. Ann Surg 1951; 134: 694–708.

Melrose D.G. , Bassett J.W. , Beaconsfield P. , Graber I.G. , Shackman R. Experimental physiology of a heart-lung machine in parallel with normal circulation. Br Med J 1953; 2: 62–66.

Newman M.H. , Stuckey J.H. , Levowitz B.S. , Young L.A. , Dennis C. , Fries C. Complete and partial perfusion of animal and human subjects with the pump-oxygenator; a study of factors yielding consistent survival. Successful application to one case. Surgery 1955; 38: 30–37.

Stuckey J.H. , Newman M.M. , Dennis C. , Berg E. , Goodman S.E. , Fries C.C. Partial perfusion in the treatment of selected cases of myocardial infarction. ASAIO J 1957; 3: 30–32.

Lim M.W. The history of extracorporeal oxygenators. Anaesthesia 2006; 61: 984–995.

Clowes G.H.A. , Hopkins A.L. , Kolobow T. Oxygen diffusion through plastic films. ASAIO J 1955; 1: 23–24.

Clowes G.H.A. , Hopkins A.L. Further studies with plastic films and their use in oxygenating blood. ASAIO J 1956; 2: 6–12.

Clowes G.H.A. , Neville W.E. Further development of a blood oxygenator dependent upon the diffusion of gases through plastic membranes. ASAIO J 1957; 3: 52–58.

Kolff W.J. , Balzer R. The artificial coil lung. ASAIO J 1955; 1: 39–42.

Kolff W.J. , Effler D.B. , Groves L.K. , Peereboom G. , Moraca P.P. Disposable membrane oxygenator (heart-lung machine) and its use in experimental surgery. Cleve Clin J Med 1956; 23: 69–97.

Kolff W.J. , Berk H.T.J. , ter Welle M. , van der Ley A.J.W. , van Dijk E.C. , van Noordwijk J. The artificial kidney: a dialyser with a great area. Acta Med Scan 1944; 117: 121–134.

Kolff W.J. , Effler D.B. Disposable membrane oxygenator (heart-lung machine) and its use in experimental and clinical surgery while the heart is arrested with potassium citrate according to Melrose technic. ASAIO J 1956; 2: 13–17.

Kammermeyer K. Silicone rubber as a selective barrier. Ind Eng Chem 1957; 49: 1685–1686.

Bramson M.L. , Osbourn J.J. , Main F.B. , O'Brien M.F. , Wright J.S. , Gerbode F. A new disposable membrane oxygenator with integral heat exchanger. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1965; 50: 391–400.

Landé A. , Dos S. , Carlson R. , Porsche R. , Lange R. , Sonstegard L. , Lillehei C.W. A new membrane oxygen-dialyzer. Surg Clin North Am 1967; 47: 1461–1466.

Dorson W. , Baker E. , Cohen M.L. , Meyer B. , Molthan M. , Trump D. , Elgas R. A perfusion system for infants. ASAIO J 1969; 15: 155–160.

Kolobow T. , Zapol W. , Pierce J. High survival and minimal blood damage in lambs exposed to long term (1 week) veno-venous pumping with a polyurethane chamber roller pump with and without a membrane blood oxygenator. ASAIO J 1969; 15: 172–177.

Zapol W.M. , Kolobow T. , Pierce J.E. , Vurek G.G. , Bowman R.L. Artificial placenta: two days of total extrauterine support of the isolated premature lamb fetus. Science 1969; 166: 617–618.

Hill J.D. , Bramson M.L. , Rapaport E. , Scheinman M. , Osbourn J.J. , Gerbode F. Experimental and clinical experiences with prolonged oxygenation and assisted circulation. Ann Surg 1969; 170: 448–459.

Hill J.D. , Fallat R. , Cohn K. , Eberhart R. , Dontigny L. , Bramson M.L. Clinical cardiopulmonary dynamics during prolonged extracorporeal circulation for acute respiratory insufficiency. ASAIO J 1971; 17: 355–361.

Hill J.D. , O'Brien T.G. , Murray J.J. , Dontigny L. , Bramson M.L. , Osborn J.J. , Gerbode F. Prolonged extracorporeal oxygenation for acute post-traumatic respiratory failure (shock-lung syndrome). Use of the Bramson membrane lung. N Engl J Med 1972; 286: 629–634.

Bartlett R.H. , Gazzaniga A.B. , Fong S.W. , Burns N.E. Prolonged extracorporeal cardiopulmonary support in man. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1974; 68: 918–932.

Bartlett R.H. , Gazzaniga A.B. , Jefferies M.R. , Huxtable R.F. , Haiduc N.J. , Fong S.W. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) cardiopulmonary support in infancy. ASAIO J 1976; 22: 80–92.

Bartlett R.H. , Gazzaniga A.B. , Huxtable R.H. , Worcester C. , Rucker R. , Wetmore N. , Haiduc N. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in newborn respiratory failure: technical consideration. ASAIO J 1979; 25: 473–475.

Zapol W.M. , Snider M.T. , Hill J.D. , Fallat R.J. , Bartlett R.H. , Edmunds L.H. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe acute respiratory failure; a randomised prospective study. JAMA 1979; 242: 2193–2196.

Bartlett R.H. ECMO Symposium; an introduction. ASAIO J 1988; 34: 29–30.