Intravenous Crystalloids in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century

Jennings C.E. On transfusion of blood and saline fluids (2nd edition). London: Bailliere, Tindall and Cox; 1883.

Blundell J. Experiments on the transfusion of blood by the syringe. Med Chir Trans 1818; 9: 56–92.

Blundell J. Some account of a case of obstinate vomiting, in which an attempt was made to prolong life by the injection of blood into the veins. Med Chir Trans 1819; 10: 296–311.

Routh C.H.F. Remarks, statistical and general on transfusion of blood. Med Times 1849; 20: 114–117.

Sodon J. A case of haemorrhage from inversion of the uterus in which the operation of transfusion was successfully performed, with remarks on the employment of transfusion generally. Med Chir Trans 1852; 35: 413–435.

Schäfer E.A. Report of experimental inquiry, instituted to determine with what fluids and by what means the operation of blood-transfusion may be best performed, and to ascertain the effects, immediate or remote, which result from the operation in animals. Trans Obs Soc Lond 1879; 21: 316–347.

Jennings C.E. The intra-venous injection of fluid for severe haemorrhage. Lancet 1882; 120: 436–437.

Little W.J. Notes of unsuccessful and successful cases of saline alcoholic injections into the veins for relief of collapse of malignant cholera, treated during the epidemic of 1848–9. In: Clinical lectures and reports by the medical and surgical staff of the London Hospital with an appendix on the recent epidemic of cholera (volume III). London: John Churchill and Sons; 1866.

Jennings C.E. The intra-venous injection of fluid for severe haemorrhage. Lancet 1882; 120: 485–486.

Coates W.M. Two cases of intra-venous injection of fluids for severe haemorrhage. Lancet 1882; 120: 1110–1112.

Spencer H.R. Intravenous injection of “normal” salt solution for the grave haemorrhages of midwifery. Lancet 1892; 139: 1289–1292.

Hunter W. Summary of three lectures on transfusion: its physiology, pathology, and practice. Lecture 3. Br Med J 1889; 2: 305–309.

Joseph D.R. , Meltzer S.J. Some observations on the physiological action of sodium chloride. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1911; 2: 271–283.

Horrocks P. Saline transfusion for haemorrhage. Br Med J 1892; 2: 491.

Oliver T. Diabetic coma successfully treated by saline transfusion; no relapse four weeks afterwards. Lancet 1898; 152: 401.

Pye-Smith R.J. Five cases of intravenous injection of saline fluid for haemorrhage and collapse. Lancet 1892; 139: 913–915.

Bayliss W.M. Intravenous injection in wound shock. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. 1918.

Crile G.W. Hemorrhage and transfusion an experimental and clinical research. New York: D Appleton and Company, 1909.

Cowell E.M. Wound shock in front line areas. In: Macpherson W.G. , Bowlby A.A. , Wallace C.S. , English T.C. (eds). Medical services Surgery of the War (Volume I). London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1922.

Fraser J. , Cowell E.M. Clinical study of blood pressure in wound conditions. JAMA 1918; 70: 520–526.