Abstract
A patient with severe myocardial disease and acute-on-chronic renal failure was undergoing a brachial plexus block for formation of an arteriovenous fistula when accidental intravascular injection of ropivacaine resulted in ventricular fibrillation. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was instituted immediately and the advanced life support algorithm was followed until the return of sinus rhythm. Although, in comparison with bupivacaine, ropivacaine appears to be a safer local anaesthetic agent in the setting of intravenous injection, the emphasis on safety should remain a priority. Awareness of the risk of central nervous system and cardiovascular toxicity and preparation for immediate commencement of resuscitation in the event of toxicity remain of paramount importance.