While the role of the state has been central to the development of Singaporean capitalism, state policies have gone through different transformations as the relationship of Singapore with other states and with multi-national capital changed. Moreover, a number of problems and social divisions have emerged in the process. In contrast to theorists who have seen only state dominance, the potential that these developments have for breaking the hegemony of the state over large sections of the population, in both middle and working classes, is illustrated and analysed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Addullah, Tarmugi (1995) Speech at Dinner and Dance, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore.
2.
Ahmad, Aijaz (1994) ‘Reconciling Derrida: “Spectres of Marx” and Deconstructive Politics’, in New Left Review208, Nov-Dec: 88–106.
3.
Anantaraman, V. (1990) Singapore Industrial Relations System. Singapore Institute of Management, Singapore.
4.
Bell, D. (1973) The Coming of Post-Industrial Society. Basic Books: New York.
5.
Bello, W., and S. Rosenfeld (1990) Dragons in Distress: Asia's Miracle Economies in Crisis. San Fransisco Institution for Foundation and Development Policy.
6.
Berberoglu, B. (1995) ‘The Persistence of Class and the Continuing Relevance of Class Analysis in Contemporary Capitalist Society’ in Sociological Inquiry65, 3/4: 309–312.
7.
Bourdieau, P. (1984) Distinctions. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London.
8.
Business Week, McGraw Hill Inc., Netherlands.
9.
Carchedi, G. (1977) On the Economic Identification of Social Classes. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London.
10.
Carter, Bob (1995) ‘A Growing Divide: Marxist Class Analysis and the Labour Process’ in Capital&Class55, Spring: 33–72.
11.
Castles, S., and G. Kosack (1972) ‘The Function of Labour Immigration in Western European Capitalism’ in New Left Review, 73: 3–21.
12.
Census of Industrial Production, various years, EDB, Singapore.
13.
Cohen, S. (1987) ‘A Labour Process to Nowhere’ in New Left Review, 165: 34–50.
14.
Daily Mail, London.
15.
EDB (Economic Development Board) Yearbook 1989/90, Singapore.
16.
EDB Annual Report 1993/94, Singapore.
17.
Elias, N. (1994) The Civilizing Process. Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
18.
19.
Fitch, Robert (1994) ‘Explaining New York City's Aberrant Economy’ in New Left Review207, Sept-Oct: 17–48.
20.
Fortune. Time Inc., Switzerland.
21.
Foucault, M. (1980) Power and Knowledge. Harvester Press, Sussex.
Hersh, J. (1993) The USA and the Rise of East Asia since 1945. St. Martin's Press, London.
24.
Hewison, K., R. Robison and G. Rodan (1993) Southeast Asia in the 1990s: Authoritarianism, Democracy and Capitalism. Allen & Unwin, St. Leonards, Australia.
25.
Heydebrand, W. (1989) ‘New Organizational Forms’ in Work and Occupations16,3: 323–357.
26.
Hill, C. (1958) Puritanism and Revolution. Secker & Warburg, London.
27.
Hill, T. P. (1979) Profits and rates of return. OCED, Paris.
28.
Holloway, J. (1994) ‘Global Capital and the National State’ in Capital&Class, 52: 23–49.
29.
Holloway, J. (1995) ‘Capital Moves’ in Capital&Class57: 136–144
30.
Holton, R., and B. Turner (1994) ‘Debate and Pseudo—debate in Class Analysis’ in SociologyVol.28, 3: 211–229.
31.
Housing Development Board Annual Report 1993/94.
32.
Hu, R. (1995) Speech, Annual Dinner NTUC celebrating May Day (May).
33.
Human Development Report 1993 (1993) Oxford University Press for United Nations Development, New York.
34.
JETRO (1992) The State of Activities of Japanese Enterprises in NIEs and ASEAN. Tokyo.
35.
Koo, H. (1991) ‘Middle Class, Democratization, and Class Formation’, in Theory and Society20: 485–509.
36.
Labour Force Survey, Report on, Ministry of Labour, Singapore.
37.
Lash, S., and J. Urry (1991) The End of Organised Capitalism, Polity Press, Cambridge.
38.
Law, S.S (1995) (CEO, Institute of Education) Interview, Straits Times 28 April.
39.
Lee, H. L. (1994) Speech, Dinner with Food, Drinks and Allied Workers Union, November.
40.
Lee, H.L. (1995) Speech, Institute of Management 30th Anniversary dinner and dance, April.
41.
Lee, K.Y. (1995a) Interview, National Trade Union Congress News Weekly: May Day. Special, 61.
42.
Lee, K.Y. (1995b) Interview, National Trade Union Congress News Weekly. 6 May.
43.
Lee, SA. (1973) The Industrialisation of Singapore. Longman, Camberwell.
44.
Li, DJ. (1955) British Malaya: An Economic Analysis. New York.
45.
Lim, BH. (1995) Speech NTUC May Day Family Celebrations, May.
46.
Lim, CY. et al (1988) Policy Options for the Singapore Economy. McGraw Hill Book Co, Singapore.
47.
Lim, L. (1989) ‘Social Welfare’ in KS. Sandu and P. Wheatley (eds.) Management of success: The Moulding of Modern Singapore Singapore. Institute of Asian Studies: 171–97.
48.
Low, L. (1991) The Political Economy of Privatisation in Singapore. McGraw Hill Book Co, Singapore.
49.
Low, L. et al (1993) Challenge and Response. Times Academic Press, Singapore.
50.
Mak, LF. and CH. Leong (1994) The Singapore Middle Class (Unpublished).
51.
Mann, M. (1995) ‘Sources of Variation in Working-Class movements in Twentieth Century Europe’ in New Left Review, 212: 4–54.
52.
McIntyre, R. (1991) ‘The Political Economy and Class Analytics of International Capital Flows: US Industrial Capital in the 1970s and 1980s’ in Capital&Class43, 179–201.
53.
New Paper, Singapore.
54.
Petras, J. (1981) Class, State & Power in the Third World. Zed Press, London.
55.
Piven, FF. and R. Cloward (1970) Poor People's Movements. Vintage Books, New York.
56.
PHP Institute (1995) Intersect Japan-Asia. June.
57.
Puthucheary, JJ. (1960) Ownership and Control in the Malayan Economy. Eastern University Press, Singapore.
58.
Quah, S. (1991) Social class in Singapore. Times Academic Press, Singapore.
59.
Rodan, G. (ed.) (1993) Singapore Changes Guard. St. Martin's Press, New York.
60.
Sayer, A., and R. Walker (1992) The New Social Economy. Blackwell, Oxford.
61.
Scott, J. C. (1985) Weapons of the Weak. Yale University Press, New Haven.
62.
Scott, J. C. (1991) Who Rules Britain. Polity Press, Cambridge.
63.
Seow, F. (1994) To Catch a Tartar: a dissident in Lee Kuan Yew's Prison. Yale Southeast Asia Studies.
64.
Short, A. (1975) Communist Insurrection in Malaya. 1948–1960. Muller, London.
65.
SILS (Singapore Institute of Labour Studies) (1992) Report on the Income and Expenditure Survey of Workers in the Metal Industry. Singapore.
66.
Singapore International Chamber of Commerce (1995) Investor's Guide to the Economic Climate of Singapore. Singapore.
67.
Statistical Highlights Singapore 1993 (1994) Department of Statistics.
68.
Stenson, M. (1970) Industrial Conflict in Malaya, prelude to the Communist Revolt of 1948. Oxford University Press, London.
69.
Straits Times, Singapore.
70.
Tanter, R., and K. Young (1990) The Politics of Middle Class Indonesia. Monash University for Southeast Asian Studies: Australia.
71.
The Strategic Economic Plan (1991) Economic Planning Committee, Ministry of Trade & Industry, Singapore.
72.
Teo, CH. (1995) Dialogue at Bukit Panjang, April.
73.
Therborn, G. (1983) ‘Why some classes are more successful than others’ in New Left Review38, 37–55.
74.
Thompson, P. (1986) ‘Crawling from the Wreckage: The Labour Process and the Politics of Production’ 4th Aston/UMIST Conference on Organization and Control of the Labour Process, April.
75.
Thynne, Ian (1989) ‘The Administrative state in Transition’ in I. Thynne and M. Ariff, Privatisation: Singapore's Experience in Perspective. Longman, Singapore, 19–58.
76.
Touraine, A. (1971) The Post-Industrial Society. Random House, New York.
77.
Tremewan, C. (1994) The Political Economy of Social Control in Singapore. Macmillan, Basingstoke.
78.
Veblen, T. (1934) The Theory of the Leisure Class. Modern Library, New York.
79.
World Bank (1993) The East Asian Miracle. Washington DC.
80.
Wong, LK. (1978) ‘Singapore: Its Growth as an Entreport Port, 1819–1941’ in Journal of Southeast Asian Studiesix, 1: 50–84.
81.
Wong, TW (1995) NTUC May Day Annual. National Trade Union Congress, Singapore.
