With the liberalisation of the economy and the influx of foreign capital into China, new social organisations have emerged which mediate between the state and society. Howell argues that although these organisations harbour elements of a civil society, they have a complex relationship with the Party/state, casting doubt upon their credentials as organs of civil society. They are best understood in the dual context of state transformation and socio-economic transition.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Breslin, S., (1990), ‘The Foreign Policy Bureaucracy’ in G. SegalChinese Politics and Foreign Policy Reform.Kegan Paul International: 115–134.
2.
Gold, T. (1990) ‘The Resurgence of Civil Society in China’ in Journal of Democracy, Winter: 18–31.
3.
Howell, J. (1990) ‘The Impact of China's Open Policy on Labour’ in Labour, Capital and Society, vol. 23, Nov: 288–322.
4.
Howell, J. (1991) ‘The State and the Open Door Policy’ in G. White [ed.] The Chinese State in the Era of Economic Reform: the Road to Crisis.Macmillan, London: 119–148.
5.
Howell, J. (1993a) China Opens its Doors: the Politics of Economic Transition.Harvester Wheatsheaf/Lynne Rienner Publishers, Hemel Hempstead/Colorado.
6.
Howell, J. (1993b) ‘The Poverty of Civil Society: Insights from China’. Discussion Paper 240, School of Development Studies, UEA, May: 1–30.
7.
Kelly, D. and He Baogang (1992) ‘Emergent Civil Society and the Intellectuals in China’, in R. F. MillerThe Development of Civil Society in Communist Systems.Allen & Unwin, ch.3: 24–39.
8.
Madsen, R. (1993) ‘The Public Sphere, Civil Society and Moral Community’ in Modern China, vol. 19(2), April: 183–198.
9.
Rowe, W.T. (1993) ‘The Problem of “Civil Society” in late Imperial China’ in Modern China, vol. 19(2), April: 139–157.
10.
Strand, D. (1990) ‘Protest in Beijing: Civil Society and Public Sphere in China’ in Problems of Communism, vol.39: 1–19.
11.
Wakeman, F. (1993) ‘The Civil Society and Public Sphere Debate: Western Reflections on Chinese Political Culture’ in Modern China, vol.19(2), April: 108–138.
12.
Walder, A. (1986) Communist Neo-Traditionalism: Work and Authority in Chinese Industry.University of California Press, California.
13.
Walder, A. (1989) ‘The Political Sociology of the Beijing Upheaval of 1989’ in Problems of Communism. Sept/Oct: 30–40.
14.
White, G. (1993) ‘Prospects for Civil Society in China: A Case-Study of Xiaoshan City’ in The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs29, January: 63–87.
15.
Whyte, M.K. and W. L. Parish (1984) Urban Life in Contemporary China.University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
16.
Xue Muqiao (1988) ‘Establish and develop non-governmental self management organisations in various trades’ in People's Daily, 10th Oct., translated in Foreign Broadcast Information Services 201.
