Detailed experimental and numerical investigations were carried out for evaluating the dynamic response of the stacked target plates toward moderate (100–250 m/s) velocity projectile impact. A single stage gas gun was utilized to launch the hemispherical and the blunt projectile toward two different hetro-stacked configurations (Al-St and St-Al). A comprehensive experimental (high speed 3D-DIC) and numerical (FE) evaluation was conducted to obtain the transient and post-impact behavior of the target plates. Influence of different projectile shapes on the full-field transient deformation profiles of different stacking configurations was studied in detail. Also, typical perforation parameters like plug size, shape, and perforation hole diameters were carefully measured and analyzed. A comprehensive error measure was utilized to quantify the similarity between the experimental and simulation results, a very good agreement was observed.
RadinJGoldsmithW. Normal projectile penetration and perforation of layered targets. Int J Impact Eng1988; 7(2): 229–259.
2.
CorranRSShadboltPJRuizC. Impact loading of plates. Int J Impact Eng1983; 1(1): 3–22.
3.
AlmohandesAAAbdel-KaderMSEleicheAM. Experimental investigation of the ballistic resistance of steel-fiberglass reinforced polyester laminated plates. Compos B Eng1996; 27(5): 447–458.
4.
TengXDeySBørvikT, et al. Protection performance of double-layered metal shields against projectile impact. J Mech Mater Struct2007; 2(7): 1309–1329.
5.
WoodwardRLCimpoeruSJ. A study of the perforation of aluminium laminate targets. Int J Impact Eng1998; 21(3): 117–131.
6.
Alavi NiaAHoseiniGR. Experimental study of perforation of multi-layered targets by hemispherical-nosed projectiles. Mater Des2011; 32(2): 1057–1065.
7.
BørvikTDeySClausenAH. Perforation resistance of five different high-strength steel plates subjected to small-arms projectiles. Int J Impact Eng2009; 36(7): 948–964.
8.
ZhouDWStrongeWJ. Ballistic limit for oblique impact of thin sandwich panels and spaced plates. Int J Impact Eng2008; 35(11): 1339–1354.
9.
ZukasJASchefflerDR. Impact effects in multilayered plates. Int J Solids Struct2001; 38(19): 3321–3328.
10.
RosenbergZDekelE. Revisiting the perforation of ductile plates by sharp-nosed rigid projectiles. Int J Solids Struct2010; 47(22-23): 3022–3033.
11.
SeidtJDMichael PereiraJGilatA, et al. Ballistic impact of anisotropic 2024 aluminum sheet and plate. Int J Impact Eng2013; 62: 27–34.
12.
IqbalDTiwariV. Investigations on the influence of projectile shape on the transient and post impact response of thin sheet structures. Thin-Walled Struct2019; 145: 106402.
13.
TengXWierzbickiTHuangM. Ballistic resistance of double-layered armor plates. Int J Impact Eng2008; 35(8): 870–884.
14.
Flores-JohnsonEASalehMEdwardsL. Ballistic performance of multi-layered metallic plates impacted by a 7.62-mm APM2 projectile. Int J Impact Eng2011; 38(12): 1022–1032.
15.
BabaeiBShokriehMMDaneshjouK. The ballistic resistance of multi-layered targets impacted by rigid projectiles. Mater Sci Eng A2011; 530: 208–217.
16.
TiwariV. Standard tools and techniques for dynamic characterization of materials. Design book of Engineers and Builders, http://www.engineersandbuilders.com.
17.
TiwariVSuttonMAMcNeillSR. Assessment of high speed imaging systems for 2D and 3D deformation measurements: methodology development and validation. Exp Mech2007; 47(4): 561–579.
18.
TiwariVSuttonMAMcNeillSR, et al. Application of 3D image correlation for full-field transient plate deformation measurements during blast loading. Int J Impact Eng2009; 36(6): 862–874.
19.
SuttonMATiwariVZhaoX, et al. Full-field deformation measurements under explosive loading conditions using multi-image pattern analysis. Int J Blasting Fragm2010; 4(3): 193–205.
20.
RusinekARodríguez-MartínezJAZaeraR, et al. Experimental and numerical study on the perforation process of mild steel sheets subjected to perpendicular impact by hemispherical projectiles. Int J Impact Eng2009; 36(4): 565–587.
21.
HartleyRSCloeteTJNurickGN. “An experimental assessment of friction effects in the split Hopkinson pressure bar using the ring compression test. Int J Impact Eng2007; 34: 1705–1728.
22.
JohnsonGRCookWH. A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high temperatures. In: Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on ballistics, The Hague, 1983, pp.541–547.
23.
JohnsonGRCookWH. Fracture characteristics of three metals subjected to various strains, strain rates, temperatures and pressures. Eng Fract Mech1985; 21(1): 31–48.
24.
GuptaNKIqbalMASekhonGS. Experimental and numerical studies on the behavior of thin aluminum plates subjected to impact by blunt- and hemispherical-nosed projectiles. Int J Impact Eng2006; 32(12): 1921–1944.
25.
IqbalDTiwariV. Structural response of multilayered aluminum and steel specimens subjected to high strain rate loading conditions. J Theor Appl Mech2018; 56(4): 1139–1151.
26.
IqbalDTiwariV. Evaluation of High Strain Rate Characteristics of Metallic Sandwich Specimens. J Eng Mater Technol2019; 141(3): 031003.
27.
Abdel-KaderMFoudaA. Mild steel plates impacted by hard projectiles. J Constr Steel Res2014; 99: 57–71.
28.
RussellDM. 1997). Error measures for comparing transient data: Part I, development of a comprehensive error measure. In Proceedings of the 68th Shock and Vibration Symposium, Hunt Valley, MD, 175-184.
29.
KumarPLeBlancJStargelDS, et al. Effect of plate curvature on blast response of aluminum panels. Int J Impact Eng2012; 46: 74–85.
