Abel, N. O. J.1993: Reducing cattle numbers on southern African communal range: is it worth it? In Behnke, R. H., Scoones, I. and Kerven, C., editors, Range ecology at disequilibrium, London: Overseas Development Institute, International Institute for Environment and Development, Commonwealth Secretariat, 173-195.
2.
Anon1983: Alpine project completed. Journal of Soil Conservation, New South Wales39, 168-171.
3.
Armstrong, J. 1992: Whiteheads Creek monitoring project. Paper presented at ISCO conference 1992 southern tour. Sydney, Department of Conservation and Land Management, New South Wales.
4.
Arnalds, A. 1992: Conservation awareness in Iceland. In Haskins, P. G. and Murphy, B. M., editors, People protecting their land: 7th international Soil Conservation Organization conference, Sydney: ISCO, 272-275.
5.
Bakker, J. P., De Bie, S., Dallinga, J. H., Tjaden, P. and De Vries, Y.1983: Sheep-grazing as a management tool for heathland conservation and regeneration in The Netherlands. Journal of Applied Ecology20, 541-560.
6.
Balph, D. F. and Malecheck, J. C.1985: Cattle trampling of crested wheatgrass under short-duration grazing. Journal of Range Management38, 226-227.
7.
Bari, F., Wood, M. K. and Murray, A. L.1995: Livestock grazing impacts on interrill erosion in Pakistan. Journal of Range Management48, 251-257.
8.
Bartels, G. B, Norton, B. E. and Perrier, G. K.1993: An examination of the carrying capacity concept. In Behnke, R. H., Scoones, I. and Kerven, C., editors, Range ecology at disequilibrium, London: Overseas Development Institute, International Institute for Environment and Development, Commonwealth Secretariat, 89-103.
9.
Beeskow, A. M., Elissalde, N. O. and Rostagno, C. M.1995: Ecosystem changes associated with grazing intensity on the Punta Ninfas rangelands of Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Range Management48, 517-522.
10.
Behnke, R. H., Scoones, I. and Kerven, C., editors, 1993: Range ecology at disequilibrium. London: Overseas Development Institute, International Institute for Environment and Development, Commonwealth Secretariat.
11.
Bergsma, E., Charman, P., Gibbons, F., Hurni, H., Moldenhauer, W. C. and Panichapong, S.1996: Terminology for soil erosion and conservation. Wageningen: International Society for Soil Science.
12.
Biot, Y.1993: How long can high stocking densities be sustained? In Behnke, R. H., Scoones, I. and Kerven, C., editors, Range ecology at disequilibrium, London: Overseas Development Institute, International Institute for Environment and Development, Commonwealth Secretariat, 153-172.
13.
Blackburn, W. H.1984: Impacts of grazing intensity and specialized grazing systems on watershed characteristics and reponses. In Developing strategies for rangeland management, Boulder, CO, and London: Natural Research Council/National Academy of Sciences, Westview Press, 927-983.
14.
Blandford, D. C.1981: Rangelands and soil erosion research: a question of scale. In Morgan, R. P. C., editor, Soil conservation, Chichester: Wiley, 105-121.
15.
Bowns, J. E.1971: Sheep behaviour under unherded conditions on mountain summer ranges. Journal of Range Management24, 105-109.
16.
Branson, F. A., Gifford, G. F., Renard, K. G. and Hadley, R. F.1981: Rangeland hydrology (2nd edn, Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
17.
Branson, F. A. and Owen, J. B.1970: Plant cover, runoff, and sediment yield relationships on Mancos shale in western Colorado. Water Resources Research6, 783-790.
18.
Bryant, W. G.1973: The effect of grazing and burning on a mountain grassland, Snowy Mountains, New South Wales. Journal of Soil Conservation New South Wales29, 29-44.
19.
Buckhouse, J. C., Skovlin, J. M. and Knight, R. W.1981: Streambank erosion and ungulate grazing relationships. Journal of Range Management34, 339-340.
20.
Busso, C. A.1997: Towards an increased and sustainable production in semi-arid rangelands of central Argentina: two decades of research. Journal of Arid Environments36, 197-210.
21.
Condon, R. W.1969: Soil erosion and pasture degeneration in central Australia. Part III. Assessment of grazing capacity. Journal of Soil Conservation New South Wales25, 225-250.
22.
Condon, R. W., Newman, J. C. and Cunningham, G. M.1969a: Soil erosion and pasture degeneration in central Australia. Part I. Soil erosion and degeneration of pastures and topfeeds. Journal of Soil Conservation, New South Wales25, 47-92.
23.
Condon, R. W., Newman, J. C. and Cunningham, G. M.1969b: Soil erosion and pasture degeneration in central Australia. Part II. Prevention and control of soil erosion and pasture degeneration. Journal of Soil Conservation, New South Wales25, 161-182.
24.
Cooke, R. U. and Reeves, R. W.1976: Arroyos and environmental change in the American south-west. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
25.
Cooperrider, C. K. and Hendricks, B. A.1937: Soil erosion and streamflow on range and forest lands of the upper Rio Grande watershed in relation to land resources and human welfare. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 567. Washington, DC: USDA.
26.
Coppock, D. L.1993: Vegetation and pastoral dynamics in the southern Ethiopian rangelands: implications for theory and management. In Behnke, R. H., Scoones, I. and Kerven, C., editors, Range ecology at disequilibrium, London: Overseas Development Institute, International Institute for Environment and Development, Commonwealth Secretariat, 42-61.
27.
Coppock, D. L., Ellis, J. E. and Swift, D. M.1986: Livestock feeding ecology and resource utilization in a nomadic pastoral ecosystem. Journal of Applied Ecology23, 573-583.
28.
Costin, A. B.1980: Runoff and soil and nutrient losses from an improved pasture at Ginninderra, Southern Tablelands, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research31, 533-546.
29.
Defosse, G. E., Robberecht, R. and Bertiller, M. B.1997: Seedling dynamics of Festuca spp. in a grassland of Patagonia, Argentina, as affected by competition, microsites and grazing. Journal of Range management50, 73-79.
30.
Dougill, A. and Cox, J.1995: Land degradation and grazing in the Kalahari: new analysis and alternative perspectives. Pastoral Development Network Paper 38c, London: Overseas Development Institute.
31.
Douglas, C.1995: Overgrazing in Ireland -some impacts. Dublin: Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry.
32.
Duce, J. T.1918: The effect of cattle on the erosion of canyon bottoms. Science47, 450-452.
33.
Dunne, T., Dietrich, W. and Brunego, M.1978: Recent and past erosion rates in semi-arid Kenya. Zeitshcrift für Geomorphologie Supplementband29, 130-140.
34.
Edmond, D. B. 1970: Effects of treading on pastures using different animals and soils. In Proceedings, XI international grassland congress, Surfer's Paradise, Queensland, 604-608.
35.
Edmond, D. B. and Hoveland, C. S.1963: The effects of treading on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pastures in winter and summer at two soil moisture levels. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research6, 265-276.
36.
Eldridge, D. J. and Robson, A. D.1997: Blade-ploughing and exclosure influence soil properties in a semi-arid Australian woodland. Journal of Range Management50, 191-198.
37.
Ellison, L., Croft, A. R. and Bailey, R. W.1951: Indicators of condition and trend on high range watersheds of the Intermountain Range. United States Department of Agriculture Handbook 19. Washington, DC: USDA.
38.
Evans, R.1977: Overgrazing and soil erosion on hill pastures with particular reference to the Peak District. Journal of the British Grassland Society32, 65-76.
39.
Evans, R.1990a: Erosion studies in the Dark Peak. Proceedings of the North of England Soil Discussion Group24, 39-61.
40.
Evans, R.1990b: Water erosion in British farmers’ fields -some causes, impacts, predictions. Progress in Physical Geography14, 199-219.
41.
Evans, R.1996a: Some impacts of overgrazing by reindeer in Finnmark, Norway. Rangifer16, 3-19.
42.
Evans, R.1996b: Soil erosion and its impacts in England and Wales. London: Friends of the Earth.
43.
Evans, R.1996c: Lyme Park's vegetation and the impacts of grazing upon it. Report for Lancaster University Archaeological Unit. Lancaster: Lancaster University.
44.
Evans, R.1997: Soil erosion in the UK initiated by grazing animals. Applied Geography17, 127-141.
45.
Foran, B. D.1984: Central arid woodlands. In Harrington, G. N., Wilson, A. D. and Young, M. D., editors, Management of Australia's rangelands, East Melbourne: CSIRO, 299-315.
46.
Foster, I. D., Grew, R. and Dearing, J. A.1990: Magnitude and frequency of sediment transport in agricultural catchments: a paired lake-catchment study in midland England. In Boardman, J., Foster, I. D. L. and Dearing, J. A., editors, Soil erosion on agricultural land, Chichester: Wiley, 153-171.
47.
Fuls, E. R. and Bosch, O. J.1991: The influence of below-average rainfall on the vegetation traits of a patch-grazed semi-arid grassland. Journal of Arid Environments21, 13-20.
48.
Graf, W. L.1988: Fluvial processes in dryland rivers. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
49.
Harrington, G. N., Wilson, A. D. and Young, M. D., editors, 1984: Management of Australia's rangelands. East Melbourne: CSIRO.
50.
Heady, H. F.1984: Concepts and principles underlying grazing systems. In Developing strategies for rangeland management, Boulder, CO, and London: Natural Research Council/National Academy of Sciences, Westview Press, 885-902.
51.
Heathwaite, A. L., Burt, T. P. and Trudgill, S. T.1990: Land-use controls on sediment production in a lowland catchment in southwest England. In Boardman, J., Foster, I. D. L. and Dearing, J. A., editors, Soil erosion on agricultural land, Chichester: Wiley, 69-86.
52.
Henry, G. and Gunn, A.1991: Recovery of tundra vegetation after overgrazing by caribou in Arctic Canada. Arctic44, 38-42.
53.
Ho, P.1996: Ownership and control in Chinese rangeland management since Mao: the case of free-riding in Ningxia. Pastoral Development Network Paper 39c. London: Overseas Development Institute.
54.
Natural Resources Research6, 463-468.
55.
Johns, G. G., Tongway, D. J. and Pickup, G.1984: Land and water processes. In Harrington, G. N., Wilson, A. D. and Young, M. D., editors, Management of Australia's rangelands, East Melbourne: CSIRO, 25-40.
56.
Johnston, A., Dormaar, J. F. and Smoliak, S.1971: Long-term grazing effects on fescue grassland soils. Journal of Range Management24, 185-188.
57.
Kauffman, J. B. and Krueger, W. C.1984: Livestock impacts on riparian ecosystems and streamside management implications: a review. Journal of Range Management37, 430-437.
58.
Kerr, I. G. C.1992: The high country in transition -some implications for occupiers and administrators. Journal of the New Zealand Mountain Lands Institute, Review49, 32-50.
59.
Kie, J. G. and Boroski, B. B.1996: Cattle distributions, habitats, and diets in the Sierra Nevada of California. Journal of Range Management49, 482-488.
60.
Klein, D. R.1987: Vegetation recovery patterns following overgrazing by reindeer on St Matthew Island. Journal of Range Management40, 336-338.
61.
Lang, R. D. and McCaffrey, L. A. H.1984: Ground cover -its effects on soil loss from grazed runoff plots, Gunnedah. Journal of Soil Conservation, New South Wales40, 56-61.
62.
Langlands, J. P. and Bennett, I. L.1973: Stocking intensity and pastoral production. I. Changes in the soil and vegetation of a sown pasture grazed by sheep at different stocking rates. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge81, 193-204.
63.
Leader-Williams, N., Lewis Smith, R. I. and Rothery, P.1987: Influence of introduced reindeer on the vegetation of South Georgia: results from a long-term exclusion experiment. Journal of Applied Ecology24, 801-822.
64.
Leeuw de, P. N. and Tothill, J. C.1990: The concept of rangeland carrying capacity in sub-Saharan Africa -myth or reality? Pastoral Development Network Paper 29b. London: Overseas Development Institute.
65.
Lewis, W. K.1957: Investigation of rainfall, run-off and yield on the Alwen and Brenig catchments. Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers8, 17-51.
66.
Low, W. A., Dudzinski, M. L. and Muller, W. J.1981: The influence of forage and climatic conditions on range community preference of shorthorn cattle in central Australia. Journal of Applied Ecology18, 11-26.
67.
Loxham, J.1997: Sheep induced erosion. The link between the mechanisms and the physical effects of ecological overgrazing. Grasmere: National Trust.
68.
Lull, H. W.1959: Soil compaction on forest and range lands. United States Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publication 768. Washington, DC: USDA.
69.
Marlow, C. B., Pogacnik, T. M. and Quinsey, S. D.1987: Streambank stability and cattle grazing in southwestern Montana. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation42, 291-296.
70.
Meehan, W. R. and Platts, W. S.1978: Livestock grazing and the aquatic environment. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation33, 274-278.
71.
Menzel, R. G., Rhoades, E. D., Olness, A. E. and Smith, S. J.1978: Variability of annual nutrient and sediment discharges in runoff from Oklahoma cropland and rangeland. Journal of Environmental Quality7, 401-406.
72.
Mitchell, D. J.1990: The use of vegetation and land use parameters in modelling catchment sediment yields. In Thornes, J. B., editor, Vegetation and erosion, Chichester: Wiley, 289-316.
73.
Mott, J. J. and Tothill, J. C.1984: Tropical and subtropical woodlands. In Harrington, G. N., Wilson, A. D. and Young, M. D., editors, Management of Australia's rangelands, East Melbourne: CSIRO, 255-269.
74.
Mulholland, B. and Fullen, M. A.1991: Cattle trampling and soil compaction on loamy sands. Soil Use and Management7, 189-193.
75.
Mwendere, E. J. and Mohamed Saleem, M. A.1997: Infiltration rates, surface runoff, and soil loss as influenced by grazing pressure in the Ethiopian Highlands. Soil Use and Management13, 29-35.
76.
Myers, T. and Swanson, S.1996: Stream morphologic impact of and recovery from major flooding in north-central Nevada. Physical Geography17, 431-445.
77.
Nix, J.1992: Farm management pocket handbook (23rd edn). Ashford: Wye College, University of London.
78.
Oldeman, L. R., Hakkeling, R. T. A. and Sombroek, W. G.1991: World map of the status of human-induced soil degradation. An explanatory note. Wageningen: International Soil Reference and Information Centre/Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.
79.
Owens, L. B., Edwards, W. M. and Van Keuren, R. W.1997: Runoff and sediment losses resulting from winter feeding on pastures. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation52, 194-197.
80.
Pearse, C. K.1971: Grazing in the middle east: past, present and future. Journal of Range Management24, 13-16.
81.
Platts, W. S. and Nelson, R. L.1985: Stream habitat and fisheries response to livestock grazing and instream improvement structures, Big Creek, Utah. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation40, 374-379.
82.
Prosser, I. P.1996: Thresholds of channel initiation in historical and holocene times, southeastern Australia. In Anderson, M. G. and Brooks, S. M., editors, Advances in hillslope processes. Vol. 2, Chichester: Wiley, 687-708.
83.
Renner, F. G.1936: Conditions influencing erosion on the Boise River watershed. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 528. Washington, DC: USDA.
84.
Ring, C. B., Nicholson, R. A. and Launchbaugh, J. L.1985: Vegetational traits of patch-grazed rangeland in west central Kansas. Journal of Range Management38, 51-55.
85.
Salibi, D. O. and Norton, B. E.1987: Survival of perennial grass seedlings under intensive grazing in semi-arid rangelands. Journal of Applied Ecology24, 145-151.
86.
Sansom, A.1996: Floods and sheep -is there a link?Newsletter of the British Hydrological Society49, 1-4.
87.
Scoones, I.1989a: Economic and ecological carrying capacity implications for livestock development in the dryland communal areas of Zimbabwe. Pastoral Development Network Paper 27b. London: Overseas Development Institute.
88.
Scoones, I.1989b: Patch use by cattle in dryland Zimbabwe: farmer knowledge and ecological theory. Pastoral Development Network Paper 28b. London: Overseas Development Institute.
89.
Scoones, I.1993: Why are there so many animals? Cattle population dynamics in the communal areas of Zimbabwe. In Behnke, R. H., Scoones, I. and Kerven, C., editors, Range ecology at disequilibrium, London: Overseas Development Institute, International Institute for Environment and Development, Commonwealth Secretariat, 62-76.
90.
Scoones, I.1995: Exploiting heterogeneity: habitat use by cattle in dryland Zimbabwe. Journal of Arid Environments29, 221-237.
91.
Scott, D., Dick, R. D. and Hunter, G. G.1988: Changes in the tussock grasslands in the central Waimakariri River basin, Canterbury, New Zealand, 1947-1981. New Zealand Journal of Botany26, 197-222.
92.
Sear, D. A., Newson, M. D. and Brookes, A.1995: Sediment-related river maintenance: the role of fluvial geomorphology. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms20, 629-647.
93.
Senft, R. L., Rittenhouse, L. R. and Woodmansee, R. G.1985: Factors influencing patterns of cattle grazing behaviour on short grass steppe. Journal of Range Management38, 82-87.
94.
Skovlin, J. M.1984: Impacts of grazing on wetlands and riparian habitat: a review of our knowledge. In Developing strategies for rangeland management, Boulder, CO, and London: Natural Research Council/National Academy of Sciences, West-view Press, 1001-1103.
95.
Stafford Smith, M.1990: Comments on PDN paper 28b Patch use by cattle in Zimbabwe: farmer knowledge and ecological theory by Ian Scoones (August 1989). In Pastoral Development Network Paper 29d, London: Overseas Development Institute, 30-34.
96.
Stapleton, L., editor, 1996: State of the environment in Ireland. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency.
97.
Stoddart, L. A., Smith, A. D. and Box, T. W.1975: Range management (3rd edn). New York: McGraw-Hill.
98.
Sutherland, F. M.1985: Keeping stock of(f) our resources. Soil and Water (New Zealand)21, 9-10.
99.
Thornthwaite, C. W., Sharpe, C. F. S. and Dosch, E. F.1942: Climate and accelerated erosion in the arid and semi-arid south west, with special reference to the Polacca Wash drainage basin, Arizona. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 808. Washington, DC: USDA.
100.
Thorsteinsson, I., Olafsson, G. and Vandyne, G. M.1971: Range resources of Ireland. Journal of Range Management24, 86-93.
101.
Thurow, T. L., Blackburn, W. H. and Taylor, C. A.1988: Infiltration and interrill erosion responses to selected livestock grazing strategies, Edwards Plateau, Texas. Journal of Range Management41, 296-302.
102.
Trimble, S. W.1994: Erosional effects of cattle on streambanks in Tennessee, USA. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms19, 451-464.
103.
Valentin, C.1985: Effects of grazing and trampling on soil deterioration around recently drilled water holes in the Sahelian zone. In El-Swaify, S. A., Moldenhauer, W. C. and Lo, A., editors, Soil erosion and conservation, Ankeny, IA: Soil Conservation Society of America, 51-65.
104.
Warren, A.1995: Changing understandings of African pastoralism and the nature of environmental paradigms. Transactions, Institute of British Geographers New Series20, 193-203.
105.
Watson, A. and O'Hare, P. J.1979: Red grouse populations on experimentally treated and untreated Irish bogs. Journal of Applied Ecology16, 433-452.
106.
Westoby, J. C., Walker, B. and Noy-Meir, I.1989: Opportunistic management of rangelands not at equilibrium. Journal of Range Management42, 266-274.
107.
Whitlow, R.1988: Soil erosion and conservation policy in Zimbabwe. Land Use and Policy5, 419-433.
108.
Wilson, A. D. and Harrington, G. N.1984: Grazing ecology and animal production. In Harrington, G. N., Wilson, A. D. and Young, M. D., editors, Management of Australia's rangelands, East Melbourne: CSIRO, 63-77.
109.
Wilson, A. D., Harrington, G. N. and Beale, I. F.1984: Grazing management. In Harrington, G. N., Wilson, A. D. and Young, M. D., editors, Management of Australia's rangelands, East Melbourne: CSIRO, 129-139.
110.
Wilson, P., Clark, R., McAdam, J. H. and Cooper, E. A.1993: Soil erosion in the Falkland Islands: an assessment. Applied Geography13, 329-352.
111.
Zhaohua, H.1982: A pastoral commune on the Ordos Plateau -the Sumitu Commune. Pastoral Network Paper 14b. London: Overseas Development Institute.
112.
Zobisch, M. A.1993: Erosion susceptibility and soil loss on grazing lands in some semi-arid and subhumid locations of eastern Kenya. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation48, 445-448.
113.
Zotov, V. D.1938: Survey of the tussock-grasslands of the South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology20, 212-244.
