Acres, B.D., Blair-Rains, A., King, R.B., Lawton, R.M., Mitchell, A.J.B., Rackham, K.J.1985: African dambos: their distribution, characteristics and use. In Thomas, M.F. and Goudie, A.S., editors, 1985, 63-86.
2.
Adams, A.1979: An open letter to a young researcher. African Affairs78 (313), 451-80.
3.
Adams, W.M.1985a: River control in west Africa. In Grove, A.T. editor, The Niger and its neighbours: environmental history and hydrobiology, human use and health hazards of the major West African rivers, Rotterdam: Balkema, 177-228.
4.
1985b: The downstream impacts of dam construction: a case study from Nigeria. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers , new series, 10, 212-302.
5.
1986: Traditional agriculture and water use in the Soloto Valley, Nigeria. Geographical Journal, 152, 30-43.
6.
Adams, W.M. and Grove, A.T. editors, 1984: Irrigation in tropical Africa: problems and problem-solving. Cambridge: Cambridge African Monographs No. 3.
7.
Adeniyi, E.O.1973: Downstream impact of the Kainji Dam. In Mabogunje, A.L., editor, Kainji, a Nigerian man-made lake: socioeconomic conditions, Kainji Lake Studies Volume II, Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, Ibadan, 169-77.
8.
Allan, W.N. and Smith, R.J.1948: Irrigation in the Sudan. In Tothill, J.D., editor, Agriculture in the Sudan. Being a handbook of agriculture as practiced in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, London: Oxford University Press.
9.
Allan, W.A.1965: The African husbandman. London : Oliver and Boyd.
10.
Anders, G.1984: Assessment of the engineering aspects of irrigation in Niger. Niger Irrigation Subsector Assessment, Volume Two. Niawey: USAID.
11.
Anderson, D.1978: Some thoughts on the nineteenth century History of the 11 Chamus of Baringo District. Mila7, 107-25.
12.
Anderson, D.M. in press: Cultivating pastoralists: economy and ecology among the Il-Chamus of Lake Baringo, 1840-1980. In Johnson, D. and Anderson, D. M., editors, Survival in crisis: society and ecological change in northeast Africa . London: Crook Green.
13.
Balek, J. and Perry, J.1973: Hydrology of an African headwater swamp. Journal ofHydrology19, 227-49.
14.
Banda, M.1984: A consideration of the consolidation stage: Siatwinda Pilot Irrigation Scheme experience in the Gwembe Valley, Zamibia. In Blackie, M.J., editor, 1984, 391-400.;
15.
Barnett, T.1977: The Gezira scheme: an illusion of development. Frank Cass. 1984: Small scale irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa: sparse lessons, big problems, any solutions? Public Administration and Development4, 21-47.;
16.
Birch, D.1983: Report on small scale irrigation pumps for Kano State . Unpublished manuscript, Sir William Halcrow and Partners and Masdar UK, Swindon, UK.
17.
Blackie, M.J. editor, 1984: African regional symposium on small holder irrigation. Wallingford: Hydraulics Research Unit.
18.
Bradley, P.N.1980: Agricultural development planning in the Sengal Valley . In Simpson, E.S., editor, The rural-agricultural sector, Newcastle: Developing Areas Research Group.
19.
Brokensha, D.W., Warren, D.M. and Werner, O. editors, 1980: Indigenous systems of knowledge and development . Lanham: University Press of America ,
20.
Bruins, H.J., Evernari, M. and Nessler, U.1986: Rainwater-harvesting agricuture for food production in arid zones: the challenge of the African famine. Applied Geography6(1), 13-32.
21.
Brunner, U. and Haefner, H.1986: The successful floodwater farming systems of the Sabeans, Yemen Arab Republic. Applied Geography6(1), 77-88.
22.
Buddenhagen, I.W.1978: Rice ecosystems in Africa. In Buddenhagen, I.W. and Persley, G.J., editors, Rice in Africa, London : Academic Press.
23.
Cansdale, R.1983: Installation of wash boreholes for small scale irrigation in the riverine areas of Kano State, NigeriaKano: KNARDA/Masdar .
24.
Carpenter, A.J.1978: The history of rice in Africa. In Buddenhagen, I.W. and Persley, G.J., editors, Rice in Africa, London : Academic Press.
25.
Carr, M.1985: The AT reader: theory and practice in alternative technology . Intermediate Technology Publications.
26.
Carter, R.C.1984: Groundwater retrieval and delivery for small scale irrigation in northern Nigeria. In Chapman, N.P., editor, 1984a, 19-35. 1985: Groundwater development using jetted boreholes. Waterlines3 (3), 16-19.
27.
Carter, R.C., Carr, M.K.V. and Kay, M.G., editors, 1983: Policies and prospects in Nigerian irrigation. Outlook on Agriculture12(3), 73-76.
28.
Carter, R.C. and Kay, M.G.1984: Appraisal of small scale irrigation developments . In Blackie, M.J., editor, 1984, 369-78.
29.
Chabrolin, R.1977: Rice in west Africa. In Leakey, C.L.A. and Willis, I.B., editors, Food crops of the lowland tropics, London : Oxford University Press, 7-25.
30.
Chambers, R.1983: Rural development: putting the last first. Longman: London.
31.
Chapman, N.P. editor, 1984a: Report of the second fadama seminar held at Azare, March 6-8 1984. Bauchi State Agricultural Development Programme, Northern Zone, Azare.
32.
1984 b: Economic returns to pump users in northern zone BSADP. In Chapman, N.P., editor, 1984a, 54-66.
33.
Chaudhry, A.B.1982: Drawdown agriculture as a suitable substitute of traditional fadama land cultivation in the Kainji Lake Basin. In Polders of the World, Volume II, Wageningen : International Institute of Land Reclamation and Improvement .
34.
Chisholm, N.G.1984: Indigenous irrigated production in southeast Ghana: lessons for the design of small holder irrigation schemes. In Blackie, M.J., editor, 1984, 427-37.
35.
Chisholm, N.G. and Grove, J.M.1985: The Lower Volta. In A.T. Groye, editor, The Niger and its neighbours: environmental history and hydrobiology, human use and health hazards of the major west African rivers. Rotterdam: Balkema, 229-50.
36.
Club du Sahel 1979a: Development of irrigated agriculture in Niger. Chub de Sahel/CILSS.
37.
1979b: Development of irrigated agriculture in Mauritania. Club du Sahel/ CILSS.
38.
Connah, G.1981: Three thousand years in AFrica: man and his environment in the Lake Chad region of Nigeria. London: Cambridge University Press.
39.
1985 : Agricultural intensification and sedentism in the Firki of northeast Nigeria. In Farrington, I.S., editor, Prehistoric intensive agriculture in the tropics. BAR International Series 232 Volume II.
40.
Cook, A.1974: A photointerpretation study of the soils and land use of the Rufiji Basin. Bureau of Land Resource Assessment and Land Use Planning Research Paper No. 34.1, Dar es Salaam.
41.
Dedrick, A.R.1974: Water harvesting. Agricultural Engineering June 1974, 9-10.
42.
des Bouvrie, C. and Rydzewski, J.R.1977: Irrigation. In Leakey, C.L.A. and Wills, J.B., editors, Food crops of the lowland tropics, London : Oxford University Press, 161-94.
43.
Donald, C.M.1975: Irrigation in world agriculture. In Stanley, N.F. and Alpers, M.P., editors, Man-made lakes and human health, London: Academic Press, 437-51.
44.
Edwards, C. and Vincent, L.1981: Irrigation challenge: design for people not politics . World Water November 1981, 28-30.
45.
Erhabor, P.O.1982: Efficiency of resource use under small scale irrigation technology in Nigeria. Purdue University, Water Resources Research Centre, West Lafayette, Indiana .
46.
Fao1966: Agricultural development in Nigeria 1965-1980. Rome: FAO .
47.
1985 : Small scale swamp development. Report on the workshop, Freetown, Sierra Leone, 26-30 November 1984, Rome: FAO.
48.
Gallais, J.1967: La Delta Intérieur du Niger: etude de geographie regionale, two volumesDakar: Institute Fondamental d'Afrique Noir.
49.
Gallais, J. and Sidikou, A.H.1978: Traditional strategies, modern decision making and management of natural resources in the Sudan Sahel. Man and the biosphere , Technical Note No. 9, UNESCO, Paris.
50.
Gaitskell, A.1959: Gezira: a storv of development in the Sudan. London: Faber and Faber.
Godana, B.1985: Africa's shared water resources; legal and institutional aspects of the Nile, Niger and Senegal river systems. London: Frances Pinter.
54.
Goudie, A.S., Atkinson, B.W. and Gregory, K.J.1985: The encyclopedic dictionary of physical geography . Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
55.
Gray, R.F.1963: The Sonjo of Tanganyika: an anthropological study of an irrigation-based society. London: Oxford University Press.
56.
Griffiths, J.E.S.1940: Notes on land tenure and land rights among the Sonjo of Tanganyika Territory. Tanganyika Notes and Records9, 15-19.
57.
Grove, J.M.1966: Some aspects of the economy of the Volta Delta (Ghana) . Bulletin de l'Institute Fondametal d'Afrique Noir28 (Ser. B), 381-32.
58.
Grove, J.M., Grove, A.T. , James, M. and Chisholm, N.G., editor, 1982: Problems of of the management of irrigated land in areas of traditional and modern cultivation . Hamburg: International Geographical Union.
59.
Harrison Church, R.J.1961: Problems in the development of the dry zone of west AfricaGeographical Journal127, 187-204.
60.
Harlan, J.R. and Pasquereau, J.1969: Decrue agriculture in Mali. Economic Botany23, 70-74.
61.
Hekstra, P.1983: Prospects for small scale irrigation development in east Africa (An inventory made in Burundi, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda) . Rome: Land and Water Development Division, FAO.
62.
Hillman, F.1980: Water harvesting in Turkana District, Kenya. Overseas Development Institute Agricultural Administration Unit Pastoral Development Paper 10d.
63.
Hilton, T.E. and Kuwo-Tsri, J.Y.1970: The impact of the Volta Scheme on the Lower Volta floodplains. Journal of TropicalGeography30, 29-37.
64.
Iucn1980: World conservation strategy. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources , Gland, Switzerland.
65.
Ipinmidun, N.B.1972: A preliminary survey of the agricultural potentialities of some valleys around Zaria, Nigeria. SamaruResearch Bulletin175.
66.
Jackson, I.1979: Climate, water and agriculture in the tropicsLondon: Longman.
67.
Jacobs, A.H.1968: The irrigation agricultural Maasi of Pagasi. Unpublished manuscript, University of East Africa Social Science Conference , January 1968. Dar es Salaam.
68.
Jedrej, M.C.1983: The growth and decline of a mechanical agricultural scheme in west Africa. African Affairs82 (329), 541-58.
69.
Jewsbury, J.M.1984: Small scale irrigation projects and their implications for health. In Blackie, M.J., editor, 1984, 41-56.
70.
1985 : Report on a visit to Sierra Leone to advise on health aspects of small scale swamp development. Unpublished manuscript. FAO Land and Water Development Division, Rome.
71.
Johnny, M.M.P., Karimu, J.A. and Richards, P.1981: Upland and swamp rice farming systems in Sierra Leone: the social context of technical change. Africa51, 596-620.
72.
Jones, W.I. and Egli, R.1984: Farming systems in Africa: the Great Lakes highlands of Zaire Rwanda and Burundi. World Bank Technical Paper 27, Washington.
73.
Karpisak, M.M., Foster, K.E. and Rawles, R.L.1984: Water harvesting and evaporation suppression. Arid Lands Newsletter21, 10-17.
74.
Kay, M.G. and Carter, R.C.1984: Health hazards in irrigation development. Outlook on Agriculture13 (3), 125-130.
75.
Kay, M.G., Stephens, W. and Carr, M.K.V.1985: The prospects for small-scale irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa. Outlook on Africa14 (3), 115-21.
76.
Kimani, J.K.1984: Small holder irrigation schemes: the Kenyan experience . In Blackie, M.J., editor, 1984, 259-71.
77.
Kolarkar, A.S., Murthy, K.N.K. and Singh, N.1983: 'Khadin': a method of harvesting water for agriculture in the Thar Desert. Journal of AridEnvironments6 (1), 59-66.
78.
Kjekshus, H.1977: Ecology control and economic development in east African history. London: Heinemann .
79.
Linares, O.F.1981: From tidal swamp to inland valley: on the social organization of wet rice cultivation among the Diola of Senegal. Africa51, 557-95.
80.
Machel, R.1974: Dambas: a study of morphodynamic activity in the plateau regions of Zambia. Catena1, 327-65.
81.
1985 : Dambos and related landforms in Africa: an example for the ecological approach to tropical geomorphology. In Thomas, M.F. and Goudie A.S., editors, 1985, 1-24.
82.
Marsland, F.T.1938: Mlau cultivation in the Rufiji Valley. Tanganyika Notes and Records5, 56-9.
83.
Masao, F.T.1974: The irrigation system in Uchagga: an ethno-historical approach. Tanzania Notes and Records75, 1-8.
84.
Meadows, M.E.1985: Dambos and environmental change in Malawi. In Thomas, M.F. and Goudie, A.S., editors, 1985, 147-70.
85.
Menching, H.G., editor 1982: Problems of the management of irrigated land in areas of traditional and modern cultivation. Hamburg: International Geographical Union.
86.
Miller, D.L.1981: Social formations in transitions: social and economic change in the lower Tana Valley, Kenya, 1850-1939. Unpublished PhD thesis, Syracuse University.
87.
Millington, A.C., Helmisch, F. and Rhebergen, G.J.1985: Inland valley swamps and lakes in Sierra Leone: hydrological and pedological considerations for agricultural development. In Thomas, M.F. and Goudie, A.S., editors, 1985, 201-22.
88.
Morgan, W.T.W.1974: Sorghum gardens in south Turkana: cultivation among a nomadic pastoral people. The South Turkana Expeditions Papers X. Geographical Journal140, 80-93.
89.
Moris, J., Thom, D.J. and Norman, R.1984: Prospects for small scale irrigation development in the Sahel. Water Management Synthesis II Project Report 26 USAID.
90.
Mrema, G.C.1984: Development of small holder irrigation in Tanzania: problems and prospects. In Blackie, M.J., editor, 1984, 307-16.
91.
Nabhan, G.P.1986: Papago indian desert agriculture and water control in the Sonoran Desert, 1697-1934. Applied Geography6 (1), 61-76.
92.
Nwa, E.U.1981: An evaluation of small pump and shaduf systems of irrigation in northern Nigeria. SamaruJournal of Agricultural Research1 (2), 191-201.
93.
Nwa, E.U. and Martins, B.1982: Irrigation development in Nigeria. Fourth Afro-Asian Regional Conference of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, Lagos . Volume 1 (Publ. 01), 1-18.
94.
Obara, D.A.1984: Irrigation schemes in arid environments of Kenya with special reference to Perkerra irrigation scheme. In Blackie, M.J., editor, 1984, 201-07.
95.
Pacey, A. and Cullis, A.1986: Rainwater harvesting the collection of rainfall and runoff in rural areas. London: Intermediate Technology Development Group.
96.
Palmer-Jones, R.W.1981: How not to learn from pilot irrigation projects: the Nigerian experience. Water Supply and Management5 (1), 81-105.
97.
1984 : Mismanaging the peasants: some origins of low productivity on irrigation schemes in the north of Nigeria. In Adams, W.M. and Grove, A.T., editors, 1984, 96-108.
98.
in press: Irrigation in northern Nigeria. In Watts, M., editor, Agricultural development in Nigeria.
99.
Pitt, D.1976: The social dynamics of development. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
100.
Popplewell, G.D.1937: Notes on the Fipa. Taganyika Notes and Records 3, 99-105.
101.
Prins, G.1980: Lost canals of a Zambian kingdomGeography Magazine52 (10), 207-09.
102.
Raunet, M.1985: Les bas-fonds en Afrique et a Madagascar: geomorphologie, geochemie, pedologie, hydrologie. In Thomas, M.F. and Goudie, A.S.G., editors, 1985, 25-62.
103.
Redclift, M.1984: Development and the environmental crisis: red or green alternative ?London: Methuen .
104.
Richards, P.1985: Indigenous agricultural revoluton: the ecology of food production in west Africa. London: HutchinsonUniversity Press.
105.
1986 : Coping with hunger. London: Allen and Unwin.
106.
Riddell, R.1981: Ecodevelopment. London: Gower.
107.
Ringrose, S.M.1986: Swamps and rice cultivation in Sierra Leone: digital landsat techniques. In Eden, M.J. and Parry, J.T., editors, Remote sensing and tropical land management. Chichester: John Wiley.
108.
Roberts, N. in press: Dambos in development: management of a fragile resource. in Furley, J. editor, Biogeography and development in the humid tropics, in press.
109.
Rydzewski, J.R.1984: Appraisal techniques for small scale irrigation development . In Blackie, M.J., editor, 1984, 25-40.
110.
Sawides, L.1981: Guidelines to improving valley swamps (fadamas) . Unpublished manuscript, Bida Agricultural Development Project, Nigeria.
111.
Schreyger, E.1984: L'Office du Niger au Mali 1932 a 1982: la problematique d'une grande enterprise agricole dans la zone du Sahel. Weisbaden: Steiner.
112.
Schumacher, E.F.1973: Small is beautiful: a study of economics as if people mattered. London: Blond and Briggs .
113.
Scudder, T.1962: The ecology of the Gwembe Tonga. Manchester : Manchester University Press.
114.
1980 : River basin development and local initiative in African savanna environments. In Harris, D.R., editor, Human ecology of savanna environments. London: Academic Press.
115.
Siakantu, J.B. and Quasem, M.A.1984:Design of a small holder irrigation scheme in the Gwembe Valley in Zambia. In Blackie, M.J. , editor, 1984, 233-44.
116.
Singh, K. 1986: Irrigation tubewells in Sokoto, Nigeria; financial and economic viability. Sokoto Agricultural and Rural Development Authority, unpublished Ms.
117.
Sirven, P., Gotnegre, J.F. and Prioul, C.1974: Geographie du Rwanda. Bruxelles : Editions A. de Boeck.
118.
Soper, R.1983: A survey of the irrigation systems of the Marakwet . In Kipkorir, B.E., Soper, R. and Ssennyonga, J.W., editors, Kerio Valley: past present and future, Nairobi, 75-95.
119.
Ssennyonga, J.W.1983: The Marakwet irrigation system as a model of a systems approach to water management. In Kipkorir et al., editors, 96-111.
120.
Stem, P.1979: Small-scale irrigation: a manual of low cost water technology . London: Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd.
121.
Stewart, F.1985: Planning to meet basic needs. London : Macmillan
122.
Stohr, W.B. and Taylor, D.R. editors, 1981: Development from above or below? The dialectics of regional planning in developing countries. Chichester: John Wiley.
123.
Sutton, J.E.G.1969: Ancient civilization and modern agricultural systems in the southern highlands of Tanzania. Azania4, 1-13.
124.
1973 : The archaeology of the Western Highlands of Kenya. Memoir No.3, British Institute in eastern Africa, Nairobi.
125.
1978: Engaruka and its waters. Azania13, 37-70.
126.
1984: Irrigation and soil conservation in African agricultural history: with a reconsideration of the Inyanga Terracing (Zimbabwe) and Engaruka Irrigation works (Tanzania). Journal of African History25, 25-41.
127.
1986: The irrigation and manuring of the Engaruka field system. Further observations and historical discussion of a later iron age settlement in the northern Tanzanian Rift. Azania 21 (forthcoming).
128.
Thomas, M.F. and Goudie, A.A.1985:Dambos: small channelless valleys in the tropics. Characteristics, formation and utilization. Zeitschrift fur geomorphology Supplementband 52.
129.
Thomas, M.F. and Thorp, M.B.1985: Environmental change and episodic etchplaination in the humid tropics of Sierra Leone: the Koidu etchplain. In Douglas, I. and Spencer, T., editors, Environmental change and tropical geomorphology , Hemel Hempstead: Allen and Unwin .
130.
Townsend, N.1975: Limited options: contingency and constraint in the economy of the Pokomo of northeast Kenya. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Toronto.
131.
Turner, B.1984: Changing land-use patterns on the fadamas of northern Nigeria. In Scott, E.P., editor, Life before the drought, London: Allen and Unwin. 1985: The classification and distribution of fadamas in central northern Nigeria. In Thomas, M.F. and Goudie, A.S., editors, 1985, 87-114.
132.
Underhill, H.W.1983: Small irrigation projects. In Society for International Developments, editors, Report of a meeting on innovative approaches to rural developments 24-26 June 1985 , Rome.
133.
1984 a: Small scale irrigation in Africa in the context of rural development. Rome: Land and Water Development Division, FAO.
134.
1984 b: The roles of governmental and non-governmental organizations and international agencies in small holder irrigation development. In Blackie, M.J., editor, 1984, 9-23.
135.
Vallee, G. and Vuong, H.H.1978: Floating rice in Mali. In Buddenhagen, W.I. and Persley, G.J., editor, Rice in Africa, London: Academic Press.
136.
Vesey Fitzgerald, D.F.1970: The origin and distribution of valley grasslands in east AfricaJournal of Ecology58, 51-75.
137.
Wallace, T.1980: Agricultural projects and land in northern Nigeria . Review of African Political Economy17, 59-70.
138.
1981 : The Kano River Project, Nigeria: the impact of an irrigation scheme on productivity and welfare. In Heyer, J., Roberts, P. and Williams, G., editors, Rural development in tropical Africa, London: Macmillan .
139.
Watson, J.M.1952: The Ayoro systems of irrigation. Uganda Journal16, 159-63.
140.
Watt, S.B.1981: Peripheral problems in the Senegal Valley. In Saha, S.K. and Barrow, C.J. , editors, River basin planning in theory and practice, Chichester: John Wiley .
141.
Whitlow, J.R.1983: Vlei cultivation in Zimbabwe: reflections on the pastZimbabwe Agricultural Journal80 (3), 123-35.
142.
1984a: Some morphological characteristics of dambo features in Zimbabwe. Transactions Zimbabwe Scientific Association62 (1), 1-15.
143.
1984b: A survey of dambos in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Agricultural Journal81 (4), 129-38.
144.
1985 a: Dambos in Zimbabwe: a review. In Thomas, M.F. and Goudie, A.S., editors, 1985, 115-46.
145.
1985b: Research on dambos in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Agricultural Journal82 (2), 59-66.
146.
Windram, A.F.1983: Small schemes have a large potential. World Water, June 1983, 36-7.
147.
Windram, A., Faulkner, R., Bell, M., Roberts, N., Hotchkiss, P. and Lambert, R.1985: The use of dambos in small scale rural development . WEDC 11th Conference. Water and sanitation in Africa, Dar Es Salaam. Paper F.4.1.
148.
World Bank1981: Accelerated development in sub-Saharan Africa: an agenda for actionWashington: World Bank.
149.
Yadav, R.C., Kumar, V. and Ogunlela, V.B.1983: Biological water harvesting: a method of enabling dryland crops to endure periods of drought. Journal of AridEnvironments6 (2), 115-18.
150.
Yair, A.1983: Hillslope hydrological water harvesting and areal distribution of some ancient agricultural systems in the northern Negev Desert. Journal of AridEnvironments6, (3), 283-302.