Loess

Agrawal, D.P. , Krishnamurthy, R.V. , Kusumgar, S. , Nautiyal, V. , Athavale, R.N. and Radhakrishnamurthy, C.R.K. 1979: Chronostratigraphy of loessic and lacustrine sediments in the Kashmir Valley, India. Acta Geologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 22, 185-96.

Ahlbrandt, T.S. and Fryberger, S.G. 1980: Eolian deposits in the Nebraska Sand-hills. USGS Professional Paper 1120A, 1-24.

Audric, T. and Bouquier, L. 1976: Collapsing behaviour of some loess soils from Normandy . Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology 9, 265-77.

Avery, B.W. , Bullock, P. , Catt, J.A. , Rayner, J.H. and Weir, A.H. 1982: Composition and origin of some brickearths on the Chiltern Hills, England. Catena 9, 153-74.

Bal, L. and Buursink, J. 1976: An inceptisol formed in calcareous loess on the 'Dast-i-Esan Top' plain in northern Afghanistan. Fabric, mineral and trace element analysis . Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 24, 17-42.

Barbour, G.B. 1927: The loess of China. Smithsonian Institution Annual Report 1926, 279-96.

1935: Recent observations on the loess of north China. Geographical Journal 86, 54-64.

Bariss, N. 1971: Gully formation in the loesses of central Nebraska. Journal of the Rocky Mountain Society of Science 8, 47-59.

Berg, L.S. 1932: The origin of loess. Gerlands Beitrage zur Geophysik 35, 130-50. 1964: Loess as a product of weathering and soil formation. Jerusalem , Israel Program for Scientific Translations (207 pp.)

Binney, A. 1846: The bluff formation at Natchez, Mississippi. Proceedings of the Boston Natural History Society 2, 126-30.

Blackburn, G. 1981: Particle size analyses of Widgelli parna in southeast Australia. Australian Journal of Soil Research 19, 355-60.

Boulton, G.S. 1979: Processes of glacial erosion on different substrata . Journal of Glaciology 23, 15-38.

Bowler, J.M. 1978: Glacial age aeolian events at high and low latitudes: a southern hemisphere perspective. In van Zinderen Bakker, E.M. , editor, Antarctic glacial history and world palaeoenvironments, Rotterdam: Balkema, 149-72.

Bowles, F.A. 1974: Paleoclimatic significance of quartz/illite variations in cores from the eastern equatorial North Atlantic. Quaternary Research 5, 225-35.

Bruce, J.G. 1973a: A time-stratigraphic sequence of loess deposits on near-coastal surfaces of the Balclutha district. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 16, 549-56.

1973b: Loessial deposits in southern South Island, with a definition of Stewarts Claim Formation. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 16, 533-48.

Bruins, H.J. and Yaalon, D.H. 1979: Stratigraphy of the Netivot section in the desert loess of the Negev (Israel). Acta Geologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 22, 161-69.

Brunnacker, K. 1968: Loess stratigraphy in Bavaria. In Schultz, C.B. and Frye, J.C. , editors, 1968, 293-96.

1973: Einiges über löss-vorkommen in Tunisien. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart 23-24, 89-99.

Bryant, I.D. 1982: Loess deposits in Lower Adventdalen, Spitzbergen . Polar Research 2, 93-103.

Burrin, P.J. 1981: Loess in the Weald. Proceedings of the Geologists Association 92,87-92.

Butler, B.E. 1956: Parna — an aeolian clay. Australian Journal of Science 18, 145-51.

1974: A contribution towards the better specification of parna and some other aeolian clays in Australia. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplementband 20, 106-116.

Call, R.E. 1882: The loess of North America. American Naturalist 16, 369-81, 542-49.

Campbell, J.T. 1889: Origin of the loess. American Naturalist 23, 785-92.

Catt, J.A. 1977: Loess and coversands. In Shotton, F.W. , editor, British Quaternary studies: recent advances, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 221-29.

1978: The contribution of loess to soils in lowland Britain . In Limbrey, S. and Evans, J.G., editors, The effect of man on the landscape: the lowland zone, CBA Research Report 21, 12-20.

1979: Distribution of loess in Britain. Proceedings of the Geologists Association 90, 93-95.

Catt, J.A. and Staines, S.J. 1982: Loess in Cornwall. Proceedinsg of the Ussher Society 5, 368-75.

Cegla, J. , Buckley, T. and Smalley, I.J. 1971: Microtextures of particles from some European loess deposits . Sedimentology 17, 129-34.

Chao, S.C. and Xing, J.M. 1982: Origin and development of the Shamo (sandy deserts) and the Gobi (stony deserts) of China. Striae 17, 79-91.

Chapman, R.W. 1980: Salt weathering by sodium chloride in the Saudi Arabian desert. American Journal of Science 280, 116-29.

Child, A.L. 1881: The loess of the western plains - subaerial or subaqueous . Kansas City Review of Science and Industry 4, 293-94.

Ching, T-J. 1965: The relics of the Quaternary glaciation and the classification of glaciation epochs of the plateau area of western Hupei. Acta Geologica Sinica 45, 237-42 (in Chinese).

Collins, D.N. 1979: Sediment concentration in meltwaters as an indicator of erosion processes beneath an alpine glacier. Journal of Glaciology 23, 247-57.

Cooke, R.U. 1981: Salt weathering in deserts. Proceedings of the Geologists Association 92, 1-16.

Dan, J. and Yaalon, D.H. 1982: Automorphic saline soils in Israel, In Yaalon, D.H., editor, Aridic soils and geomorphic processes, Braunschweig, Catena Supplement 1, 103-115.

Dana, J.D. 1895: Manual of geology. New York : American Book Company.

Darwin, C. 1846: An account of the fine dust which falls on vessels in the Atlantic Ocean. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 2, 26-30.

Davis, R.S. , Ranov, V.A. and Dodonov, A.E. 1980: Early man in Soviet central Asia. Scientific American 243 (6), 92-102.

Denisov, N.Y. 1951: The engineering properties of loess and loess loams . Moscow: Gosstroiizdat, (in Russian). (136 pp.)

1963: About the nature of the high sensitivity of quick clays . Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhan. Grutov 5, 5-8 (in Russian).

Derbyshire, E. 1978: The middle Hwang Ho loess lands. Geographical Journal 144, 191-94.

1983a: The loess at Jiuzhoutai, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China (Yangtze River). Loess Letter 9, 10-13.

1983b: The Lushan dilemma: Pleistocene glaciation south of the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River). Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie NF 27, 445-71.

1983 c: Origin and characteristics of some Chinese loess at two locations in China. In Brookfield, M.E. and Ahlbrandt, T.S. , editors, Eolian sediments and processes, Amsterdam: Elsevier , 69-90.

1983 d: On the morphology, sediments and origin of the Loess Plateau of central China. In Gardner, R. and Scoging, H. , editors, Megageomorphology , Oxford: Oxford University Press , 172-94.

Dodonov, A.E. 1979: Stratigraphy of the upper Pliocene - Quaternary deposits of Tajikistan (Soviet central Asia). Acta Geologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 22, 63-73.

Dodonov, A.E. , Melamed, Y.R. and Nikforova, K.V. 1977: Guidebook, International Symposium on the Neogene-Quaternary boundary. Moscow: Nauka.

Donk, J. van 1976: An 180 record of the Atlantic Ocean for the entire Pleistocene . Geological Society of America Memoir 145, 147-64.

Doornkamp, J.C. , Brunsden, D. and Jones, D.K.C. 1980: Geology, geomorphology and pedology of Bahrain . Norwich: GeoAbstracts.

Dreimanis, A. , Hütt, G. , Raukas, A. and Whippey, P.W. 1978: Dating methods of Pleistocene deposits and their problems: 1. Thermoluminescence dating. Geoscience Canada 5, 55-60.

Dumont, A.H. 1852: Loess or lehm. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 8, 278-81.

Edwards, M.B. 1979: Late Precambrian loessites from North Norway and Svalbard . Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 49, 85-91.

Eswaran, H. and Stoops, G. 1979: Surface textures of quartz in tropical soils. Soil Science Society of America, Proceedings 43, 420-24.

Feda, J. 1966: Structural stability of subsident loess from Praha Dejvice . Engineering Geology 1, 201-219.

Fink, J. 1968: The loesses of Austria. In Schultz, C.B. and Frye, J.C. , editors, 1968, 285-88.

1976: Internationale Lössforschungen: Bericht der INQUA Lösskommission . Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart 27, 220-35.

Fink, J. and Kukla, G.J. 1977: Pleistocene climates in central Europe: at least 17 interglacials after the Olduvai event. Quaternary Research 7, 363-71.

Fisk, H.N. 1951: Loess and Quaternary geology of the lower Mississippi Valley. Journal of Geology 59, 333-56.

Flint, R.F. 1949: Leaching of carbonates in glacial drift and loess as a basis for age correlation. Journal of Geology 57, 297-303.

Fookes, P.G. and Knill, J.L. 1969: The application of engineering geology in the regional development of northern and central Iran. Engineering Geology 3, 81-120.

Frankel, L. 1957: Relative rates of loess deposition in Nebraska . Journal of Geology 65,649-52.

Fuller, M.L. 1922: Some unusual erosion features of the loess in China . Geographical Review 12, 570-84.

Fuller, M.L. and Clapp, F. 1903: Marl-loess of the lower Wabash valley. Geological Society of America Bulletin 14, 153-76.

Gerasimov, I.P. 1973: Chernozems, buried soils and loesses of the Russian Plain; their age and genesis. Soil Science 116, 202-210.

Gill, E.D. 1973: Loess in Southeastern Australia. Abstracts 9th INQUA Congress, Christchurch , 123-24.

Gill, E.D. and Segnitt, E.R. 1982: Strata of carbonate loess in SE Australia. Loess Letter 8, 3-4.

Gillette, D.A. 1979: Environmental factors affecting dust emission by wind erosion. In Morales, C. , editor, 1979, 71-94.

1980: Major contributions of natural primary continental aerosols: source mechanisms. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 338, 348-58.

1982: Production of dust that may be carried great distances . Geological Society of America Special Paper 186, 11-26.

Gillette, D.A. , Adams, J. , Endo, A. and Smith, D. 1980: Threshold velocities for input of soil particles into the air by desert soils. Journal of Geophysical Research 85, 5621-30.

Ginzbourg, D. 1971: Note on the eolian deposits and loess of northern Sinai and the western Negev (Israel). Abstracts 8th INQUA Congress, Paris, 1969, 757-58.

Ginzbourg, D. and Yaalon, D.H. 1963: Petrography and origin of the loess of the Be'er Sheva basin. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences 12, 68-70.

Goudie, A.S. 1977: Sodium sulphate weathering and the disintegration of Mohenjo Daro, Pakistan. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2, 75-86.

1978: Dust storms and their geomorphic implications. Journal of Arid Environments 1, 291-310.

1983 a: Surface efflorescences and nitrate beds. In Goudie, A.S. and Pye, K. , editors, Chemical sediments and geomorphology, London: Academic Press, 187-95.

1983b: Dust storms in space and time Progress in Physical Geography 7, 502-530.

Goudie, A.S. and Watson, A. 1981: The shape of desert sand dune grains. Journal of Arid Environments 4, 185-90.

Goudie, A.S. and Day, M.J. 1981: Disintegration of fan sediments in Death Valley, California, by salt weathering. Physical Geography 1, 126-37.

Goudie, A.S. , Allchin, B. and Hedge, T.M. 1973: The former extensions of the Great Indian Sand Desert . Geographical Journal 139, 243-57.

Goudie, A.S. , Cooke, R.U. and Doornkamp, J.C. 1979: The formation of silt from quartz dune sand by salt weathering processes in deserts. Journal of Arid Environments 2, 105-112.

Goudie, A.S. , Rendell, H.M. and Bull, P.A. in press: The loess of Tajik SSR. In Miller, K., editor, Proceedings of the International Karakoram Project.

Grove, A.T. and Warren, A. 1968: Landforms and climatic change in the Kalahari and Ngamiland Geographical Journal 134, 194-208.

Gwynne, C.S. 1950: Terraced side slopes in loess, southwestern Iowa . Geological Society of America Bulletin 61, 1347-54.

Handy, R.L. 1973: Collapsible loess in Iowa. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 37, 281-84.

1976: Loess distribution by variable winds. Geological Society of America Bulletin 87, 915-27.

Harwood, T.R. , Catt, J.A. and Weir, A.H. 1973: Loess in Devon. Proceedings of the Ussher Society 2, 554-64.

Heller, F. and Liu Tung Sheng 1982: Magnetostratigraphical dating of loess deposits in China . Nature 300, 431-33.

Hobbs, W.H. 1931: Loess, pebble bands and boulders from glacial outwash of the Greenland continental glacier. Journal of Geology 39, 381-85.

Holmes, C.D. 1944: Origin of loess - a criticism. American Journal of Science 242, 422-46.

Howarth, H.H. 1882: The loess - a rejoinder. Geological Magazine 2nd series, 9, 343-56.

Hudec, P.P. 1973: Weathering of rocks in arctic and subarctic environments . In Aitken, J.D. and Glass, D.J. , editors, Proceedings of Symposium on the Canadian Arctic, Geological Association of Canada , 313-35.

Ivanova, I.K. and Velichko, A.A. 1968: Short note about the loesses in the European part of the Soviet Union. In Schultz, C.B. and Frye, J.C. , editors, 1968, 345-49.

Jackson, M.L. 1982: Oxygen isotopic ratios in quartz as an indicator of provenance of dust. Geological Society of America Special Paper 186, 27-36.

Jackson, M.L. , Clayton, R.N. , Violante, A. and Violante, P. 1982: Eolian influence on Terra Rossa soils of Italy traced by quartz oxygen isotopic ratios. In Van Olphen, H. and Veniale, F., editors, International Clay Conference 1981, Amsterdam : Elsevier, 293-300.

Kaldi, J. , Krinsley, D.H. and Lawson, D. 1978: Experimentally produced aeolian surface textures on quartz sand grains from various environments. In Whalley, W.B. , editor, Scanning electron microscopy in the study of sediments, Norwich: GeoAbstracts , 261-74.

Keilhack, K. 1920: Das Rästel der Lössbildung. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gessellschaft 72, 146-61.

Kingsmill, T.W. 1871: The probable origin of deposits of 'loess' in north China and eastern Asia. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 27, 376-84.

Konishchev, V.N. 1982: Characteristics of cryogenic weathering in the permafrost zone of the European USSR. Arctic and Alpine Research 14, 261-65.

Kraev, V.F. 1975: On the periglacial character of the Ukrainian loess . Biuletyn Periglacjalny 24, 69-70.

Krinitzsky, E.L. and Turnbull, W.J. 1967: Loess deposits of Mississippi. Geological Society of America Special Paper 94, 1-64.

Krinsley, D.H. , Marshall, J. and McCauley, J.F. 1981: Production of fine salt and clay during natural eolian abrasion. NASA Technical Memorandum 84211, 251-55.

Krylkov, U.V. 1982: Loess and periglacial phenomena in Mongolia. Abstracts 11th INQUA Congress, Moscow, Volume 1, 174.

Kuenen, P.H. 1959: Experimental abrasion 3. Fluviatile action on sand . American Journal of Science 257, 172-90.

1960: Experimental abrasion 4. Eolian action. Journal of Geology 68, 427-49.

Kukal, Z. and Saadallah, A. 1973: Aeolian admixtures in the sediments of the northern Persian Gulf. In Purser, B.H. , editor, The Persian Gulf, Holocene carbonate sedimentation and diagenesis in a shallow epicontinental sea, Berlin: Springer Verlag, 115-21.

Kukla, G.J. 1970: Correlations between loesses and deep-sea sediments . Geologiska Foreningen i Stockholm Forhandlingar 92, 148-80.

1977: Pleistocene land-sea correlations. Earth Science Reviews 13, 307-374.

1978: The classical European glacial stages: correlation with deep-sea sediments. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Science 6, 57-93.

Kusumgar, S. , Agrawal, D.P. and Krishnamurthy, R.V. 1980: Studies on the loess deposits of the Kashmir Valley and 14C dating. Radiocarbon 22, 757-62.

Landes, K.K. 1933: Caverns in loess. American Journal of Science 25, 137-39.

Lautridou, J.-P. 1977: The Pleistocene loess and sands of the plateaux of upper Normandy. Abstracts 10th INQUA Congress , Birmingham, 1977, 264.

Lazarenko, A.A. , Bolikhovskaya, N.S. and Semenov, V.V. 1981: An attempt at a detailed stratigraphic subdivision of the loess association of the Tashkent region. International Geology Review 23, 1335-46.

Lazarenko, A.A. , Loskutov, V.V. , Pakhomov, M.M. , Pen'kov, A.V. and Ranov, V.A. 1982: Route from Dushanabe to the Karatau section. In Mavlyanov, G.A. and Tetyukhin , editors, Guidebook for excursions A-11 and C-11, Uzbek SSR, Tajik SSR, Moscow: INQUA , 55-62.

Lee, M.P. 1979: Loess from the Pleistocene of the Wirral Peninsula, Merseyside . Proceedings of the Geologists Association 90, 21-26.

Lee, M.P. and Vincent, P.J. 1981: The first recognition of loess from north Wales . The Manchester Geographer 2, 45-53.

Leighton, M.M. and Willman, H.B. 1949: Loess formations of the Mississippi Valley. Geological Society of America Bulletin 60, 1904-1905.

Lill, G.O. and Smalley, I.J. 1978: Distribution of loess in Britain. Proceedings of the Geologists Association 89, 57-65.

Liu Tung Sheng and Chang Tsung Yu 1961: The loess of China. Reports 6th INQUA Congress 4, 503-524.

Liu Tung Sheng , Gu Xiong Fei , An Zhi Sheng and Fan Yong Xiang 1982: The dust fall in Beijing, China, on April 18, 1980 . Geological Society of America Special Paper 186, 149-58.

Lohnes, R.A. and Handy, R.L. 1968: Slope angles in friable loess. Journal of Geology 76, 247-58.

Lozek, V. 1965: Das Problem der Lössbildung und die Lössmullusken . Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart 16, 61-75.

1968 a: The loesses of Czechoslovakia. In Schultz, C.B. and Frye, J.C. , editors, Loess and related eolian deposits of the world, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 305-308.

1968 b: The loess environment in central Europe. In Schultz, C.B. and Frye, J.C. , editors, 1968, 67-80.

Lugn, A.L. 1962: The origin and sources of loess in the central Great Plains and adjoining areas of the central lowland. Nebraska University Studies 26, 1-105.

1968 : The origin of loesses and their relation to the Great Plains in North America. In Schultz, C.B. and Frye, J.C. , editors, 1968, 139-82.

Lukashev, K.I. , Lukashev, V.K. and Dobrovolskaya, I.A. 1968: Lithogeochemical properties of loess in Byelorussia and central Asia. In Schultz, C.B. and Frye, J.C. , editors, 1968, 223-32.

Lyell, C. 1834: Observations on the loamy deposit called 'loess' of the basin of the Rhine. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 17, 110-22.

1847: On the delta and alluvial deposits of the Mississippi River, and other points in the geology of North America, observed in the years 1845, 1846. American Journal of Science 3, 34-39, 267-69.

McKay, E.D. 1979: Wisconsinan loess stratigraphy of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook 13, 95-108.

McTainsh, G.H. and Walker, P.H. 1982: Nature and distribution of Harmattan dust. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 26, 417-36.

Matalaucci, R.V. , Shelton, J.W. and Abdel-Hardy, M. 1969: Grain orientation in Vicksburg loess. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 39, 969-79.

Matalucci, R.V. , Abdel-Hardy, M. and Shelton, J.W. 1970: Influence of grain orientation on direct shear strength of a loessial soil. Engineering Geology 4, 121-32.

Mavlyanov, G.A. 1958: Genetic types of loesses and loess-like rocks in the central and southern parts of middle Asia and their engineering geological properties (in Russian). Izd-vo Akademia Nauk Uzbekistan SSR, Institute of Geology, Tashkent. (609 pp.)

Milne, J.D.G. and Smalley, I.J. 1979: Loess deposits in the southern part of the North Island of New Zealand: an outline stratigraphy. Acta Geologica Scientiarum Hungaricae 22, 197-204.

Mojski, J.E. 1968a: Outline of loess stratigraphy in Poland. Biuletyn Periglacjalny 18,149-70.

1968 b: Loesses in Poland. In Schultz, C.B. and Frye, J.C. , editors, 1968, 325-28.

Morales, C. editor, 1979: Saharan dust - mobilization, transport, deposition. Chichester : John Wiley. (316 pp.)

Moss, A.J. , Walker, P.H. and Hutka, J. 1973: Fragmentation of granitic quartz in water. Sedimentology 29, 489-511.

Moss, A.J. , Green, P. and Hutka, J. 1981: Static breakage of granitic detritus by ice and water in comparison with breakage by flowing water. Sedimentology 28,261-72.

Mucher, H.J. and de Ploey, J. 1977: Experimental and micromorphological investigation of erosion and redeposition of loess by water. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2, 117-24.

Mucher, H.J. and Vreeken, W.J. 1981: Redeposition of loess in southern Limburg, The Netherlands. 2. Micromorphology of the Lower Silt Loam Complex and comparison with deposits produced under laboratory conditions. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 6, 355-64.

Nahon, D. and Trompette, R. 1982: Origin of siltstones: glacial grinding versus weathering . Sedimentology 29, 25-35.

Nickling, W.G. 1978: Eolian sediment transport during dust storms: Slims River Valley, Yukon Territory. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, 1069-84.

Pecsi, M. 1968: The main genetic types of Hungarian loesses and loess-like sediments. In Schultz, C.B. and Frye, J.C. , editors, 1968, 317-20.

editor , 1979: Studies on loess. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. (555 pp.)

Pecsi, M. and Sheuer, G. 1979: Engineering geological problems of the Dunaújvaros loess bluff. Acta Geologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 22, 345-53.

Pecsi, M. , Schweitzer, F. and Sheuer, G. 1979: Engineering geological and geomorphological investigation of landslides in the loess bluffs along the Danube in the Great Hungarian Plain. Acta Geologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 22, 327-43.

Penck, A. 1930: Central Asia. Geographical Journal 76, 477-87.

Pen'kov, A.V. , Lomov, S.P. , Sharapov, S. and Baiguzina, L.L. 1982: Route from Dushanbe to the Karamaidan section. In Mavlyanov, G.A. and Tetyukhin, G.F. , editors, Guidebook for excursions A-11 and C-11, Uzbek SSR, Tajik SSR, Moscow: INQUA, 48-55.

Perrin, R.M.S. , Davies, H. and Fysh, M.D. 1974: Distribution of late Pleistocene aeolian deposits in eastern and southern England. Nature 248, 320-24.

Péwé, T.L. 1951: An observation on wind-blown silt. Journal of Geology 59, 399-401.

1955: Origin of the upland silt near Fairbanks, Alaska. Geological Society of America Bulletin 66, 699-724.

editor, 1982: Desert dust: origin, characteristics and effect on man . Geological Society of America Special Paper 186. (303 pp.)

Péwé, T.L. and Journaux, A. 1983: Origin and character of loess-like silt in unglaciated south-central Yakutia, Siberia, USSR. USGS Professional Paper 1262, 1-45.

Péwé, T.L. , Journaux, A. and Stuckenrath, R. 1977: Radiocarbon dates and late Quaternary stratigraphy from Mamontova Gora, unglaciated Yakutia, Siberia, USSR. Quaternary Research 8, 51-63.

Pias, J. 1971: Les loess en Afghanistan Oriental et leurs pédogenèses successives au Quaternaire récent. Comptes Rendus Academie Sciences Paris 272D, 1602-1605.

Pitcher, W.S. , Shearman, D.J. and Pugh, D.C. 1954: The loess of Pegwell Bay, Kent, and its associated frost soils. Geological Magazine 91, 308-314.

Ploey, J. de 1977: Some experimental data on slopewash and wind action with reference to Quaternary morphogenesis in Belgium. Earth Surface Processes and Land forms 2, 101-115.

Priddy, R.R. , Lewand, R.L. and McGee, E.H. 1964: Pseudoanticlines in Vicksburg loess. Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Science 10, 178-79.

Pumpelly, R. 1866: Geological researches in China, Mongolia and Japan during the years 1862 to 1865. Smithsonian Institution Contributions 202. (162 pp.)

Pye, K. 1982a: SEM observations on natural and experimentally-formed quartz silt particles in relation to the problem of loess origin. Abstracts 11th INQUA Congress, Moscow, 1982, Volume 1, 260.

1982b: Thermoluminescence dating of sand dunes. Nature 299, 376.

1983a: Grain surface textures and carbonate content of late Pleistocene loess from West Germany and Poland. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 53, 973-80.

1983b: Formation of quartz silt during humid tropical weathering of dune sands. Sedimentary Geology 34, 267-82.

in press: SEM investigations of quartz silt micro-textures in relation to the source of loess. In Pecsi, M. , editor, INQUA Loess Commission Special Publication, Budapest.

Pye, K. and Sperling, C.H.B. 1983: Experimental investigation of silt formation by static breakage processes: the effect of temperature, moisture and salt on quartz dune sand and granitic regolith. Sedimentology 30, 49-62.

Pye, K. and Paine, A.D.M. 1983: Nature and source of aeolian deposits near the summit of Ben Arkle, northwest Scotland. Geologie en Mijnbouw (in press).

Rathjens, C. 1928: Loess in Tripolitanien. Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erkunde zu Berlin 5/6, 211-28.

Ranov, V.A. and Davis, R.S. 1979: Towards a new outline of the Soviet central Asian palaeolithic . Current Anthropology 20, 249-70.

Ray, L.L. 1967: An interpretation of weathering of the Peorian loess of western Kentucky. USGS Professional Paper 57 5D, D221-D227.

Richthofen, F.F. von 1877: China, volume 1. Berlin: Reimer.

1882: On the mode of origin of the loess. Geological Magazine 9, 293-305.

Russell, R.J. 1944: Lower Mississippi Valley loess. Geological Society of America 55, 1-40.

Sarnthein, M. 1978: Sand deserts during glacial maximum and climatic optimum . Nature 272, 43-46.

Sarnthein, M. and Koopman, B. 1980: Late Quaternary deep-sea core record of northwest African dust supply and wind circulation. Palaeoecology of Africa and the Surrounding Islands 12, 238-53.

Sarnthein, M. , Tetzlaff, G. , Koopman, B. , Wolter, K. and Pflaumann, U. 1981: Glacial and interglacial wind regimes over the eastern subtropical Atlantic and northwest Africa. Nature 293, 193-96.

Schultz, C.B. and Frye, J.C. editors, 1968: Loess and related eolian deposits of the world. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. (369 pp.)

Schütz, L. 1980: Long range transport of desert dust with special emphasis on the Sahara. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 338, 515-32.

Schwertmann, U. and Fanning, D.S. 1976: Iron-manganese concretions in hydro-sequences of soils in loess in Bavaria. Soil Science Society of America Journal 40,731-38.

Selby, M.J. 1976: Loess. New Zealand Journal of Geography 61, 1-18.

Sheeler, J.B. and Davidson, D.T. 1957: Further correlation of consistency limits of Iowa loess with clay content. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Sheller, J.B. and Davidson, D.T. 1957: Further correlation of consistency limits of Iowa loess with clay content. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science 64, 407-412.

Simonson, R.W. and Hutton, C.E. 1954: Distribution curves for loess. American Journal of Science 252, 99-105.

Skertchley, S.B.J. and Kingsmill, T.W. 1895: On the loess and other superficial deposits of Shantung (North China). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 51, 238-54.

Smalley, I.J. 1966: The properties of glacial loess and the formation of loess deposits. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 36, 669-76.

1972: The interaction of great rivers and large deposits of primary loess. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences 34, 534-42.

editor, 1975: Loess: lithology and genesis. Benchmark Papers in Geology 26, Stroudsberg , Pennsylvania: Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross. (430 pp.)

1978: The New Zealand loess and the major categories of loess classification. Search 241, 281.

1980 a: Loess, a partial bibliography. Norwich : GeoAbstracts. (103 pp.)

1980b: The formation of loess materials and loess deposits: some observations on the Tashkent loess. Geophys. und Geol. Geophys. Veroff. d. KMU Leipzig Band II 2, 247-57.

Smalley, I.J. and Vita-Finzi, C. 1968: The formation of fine particles in sandy deserts and the nature of 'desert' loess. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 38, 766-74.

Smalley, I.J. and Cabrera, J.G. 1970: The shape and surface texture of loess particles . Geological Society of America Bulletin 81, 1591-95.

Smalley, I.J. and Krinsley, D.H. 1978: Loess deposits associated with deserts. Catena 5, 53-66.

Smalley, I.J. and Leach, J.A. 1978: The origin and distribution of the loess in the Danube basin and associated regions of east-central Europe - a review. Sedimentary Geology 21, 1-26.

Smalley, I.J. , Krinsley, D.H. and Vita-Finzi, C. 1973: Observations on the Kaiserstühl loess. Geological Magazine 110, 29-36.

Smith, B.J. and Whalley, W.B. 1981: Late Quaternary drift deposits of north-central Nigeria examined by scanning electron microscopy. Catena 8, 345-68.

Sneh, A. 1983: Redeposited loess from the Quaternary Besor Basin, Israel . Israel Journal of Earth Sciences 32, 63-69.

Snowden, J.O. and Priddy, R.R. 1968: Geology of Mississippi loess. Mississippi Geological Survey Bulletin 111, 13-203.

Sun Tien-Ching and Yang Huan-Jen 1961: The great Ice Age glaciation in China. Acta Geologica Sinica 41, 234-44 (in Chinese).

Swineford, A. and Frye, J.C. 1951: Petrography of the Peoria loess in Kansas. Journal of Geology 59, 306-322.

1955: Petrographic comparison of some loess samples from western Europe with Kansas loess. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 25, 3-23.

Teruggi, M.E. 1957: The nature and origin of Argentine loess. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 27, 322-32.

Terzaghi, K. 1943: Theoretical soil mechanics. New York : John Wiley. (510 pp.)

Thiede, J. 1979: Wind regimes over the late Quaternary southwest Pacific Ocean. Geology 7, 259-67.

Thorp, J. and Smith, H.T.U. 1952: Pleistocene eolian deposits of the United States, Alaska and parts of Canada. Scale 1:2 500 000. Geological Society of America.

Todd, J.E. 1878: Richthofen's theory of the loess, in the light of the deposits of the Missouri. Proceedings of the American Assocaition for the Advancement of Science 27, 231-39.

1897: Degradation of loess. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science 5, 46-51.

Trainer, F.W. 1961: Eolian deposits of the Matanuska Valley agricultural area , Alaska. USGS Bulletin 1121C, C1-C35.

Tucholka, P. 1977: Magnetic polarity events in Polish loess profiles . Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego 305, 117-23.

Veklich, M.F. 1979: Pleistocene loesses and fossil soils of the Ukraine . Acta Geologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 22, 35-62.

Vincent, P.J. and Lee, M.P. 1981: Some observations on the loess around Morecambe Bay, northwest England. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 43, 281-94.

Vita-Finzi, C. , Smalley, I.J. and Krinsley, D.H. 1973: Crystalline overgrowths on quartz silt particles . Journal of Geology 81, 106-108.

Vreeken, W.J. and Mucher, H.J. 1981: Redeposition of loess in southern Limburg, The Netherlands. 1. Field evidence for conditions of deposition of the Lower Silt Loam Complex . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 6, 337-54.

Walker, P.H. and Costin, A.B. 1971: Atmospheric dust accession in southeast Australia . Australian Journal of Soil Research 9, 1-5.

Warnke, D.A. 1971: The shape and surface texture of loess particles: discussion . Geological Society of America Bulletin 82, 2357-60.

Warren, G.K. 1878: Valley of the Minnesota and of the Mississippi River to the junction of the Ohio: its origin considered. American Journal of Science 3rd series, 16,417-31.

Wasson, R.J. editor, 1982: Quaternary dust mantles of China, New Zealand and Australia. Canberra : Australian National University. (253 pp.)

Watkins, N.D. 1971: Geomagnetic polarity events and the problem of the 'Reinforcement Syndrome'. Comments on Earth Sciences and Geophysics 2, 36-43.

Watson, A. 1979: Gypsum crusts in deserts. Journal of Arid Environments 2, 3-20.

Weir, A.H. , Catt, J.A. and Madgett, P.A. 1971: Postglacial soil formation in the loess of Pegwell Bay, Kent (England). Geoderma 5, 131-49.

Whalley, W.B. 1979: Quartz silt production and sand grain surface textures from fluvial and glacial environments. Scanning Electron Microscopy 1979/I, 547-54.

Whalley, W.B. and Smith, B.J. 1981: Mineral content of Harmattan dust from northern Nigeria examined by scanning electron microscopy. Journal of Arid Environments 4, 21-30.

Whalley, W.B. , Marshall, J.R. and Smith, B.J. 1982a: Origin of desert loess from some experimental observations . Nature 300, 433-35.

Whalley, W.B. , Douglas, G.R. and McGreevy, J.P. 1982b: Crack propagation and associated weathering in igneous rocks. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 26, 33-54.

Willman, H.B. and Frye, J.C. 1970: Pleistocene stratigraphy of Illinois. Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 94. (204 pp.)

Wintle, A.G. 1981: Thermoluminescence dating of late Devensian loesses in southern England. Nature 289, 479-80.

Wintle, A.G. and Brunnacker, K. 1982: Ages of volcanic tuff in Rheinhessen obtained by thermoluminescence dating of loess. Naturwissenschaften 69, 181-83.

Wintle, A.G. and Huntley, D.J. 1982: Thermoluminescence dating of sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews 1, 31-53.

Wu Zi-rong , Yuan Bao-yin and Gao Fu-ging 1982: Geological environment of loess deposits on Lochuan Yuan . In Wasson, R.J. , editor, 1982, 19-30.

Yaalon, D.H. 1964: Airborne salts as an active agent in pedogenetic processes . Transactions 8th International Congress of Soil Science , Bucharest, 1964, Volume 5, 997-1000.

1965 : Source and sedimentary history of loess in the Beer Sheva Basin, Israel. Abstracts 7th INQUA Congress, 514.

Yaalon, D.H. and Dan, J. 1974: Accumulation and distribution of loess-derived deposits in the semi-desert and desert fringe areas of Israel. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie Supplementband 20, 91-105.

Yaalon, D.H. and Ganor, E. 1973: The influence of dust on soils during the Quaternary . Soil Science 116, 146-55.

1975 : Rate of aeolian dust accretion in the Mediterranean and desert fringe environments of Israel. 19th International Congress of Sedimentology, Theme 2, 169-74.

1979 : East Mediterranean trajectories of dust carrying storms from the Sahara and Sinai. In Morales, C. , editor, 1979, 187-93.

Young, D.G. 1964: Stratigraphy and petrography of northeast Otago loess . New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 7, 839-63.

1967: Loess deposits of the west coast of South Island New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 10, 647-58.

Zeuner, F.E. 1949: Frost soils on Mount Kenya, and the relation of frost soils to aeolian deposits. Journal of Soil Science 1, 20-30.

Zhang Zonghu 1982: Lithological and stratigraphical analysis on the loess profiles of the Loess Plateau in China. Paper presented at 11th INQUA Congress, Moscow, 1982 . (14 pp.)

Zheng Ben-Xing and Li Jijum 1981: Quaternary glaciation of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau . In Geological and ecological studies of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau , Beijing: Science Press , 1631-40.

Zolutun, V.P. 1974: Origin of loess deposits in the southern part of the Ukraine. Soviet Soil Science 1, 1-12.