Rock varnish

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Chukhrov, F.V. and Gorshkov, A.I. 1981. On the nature of some hypergene manganese minerals . Chemie Erde 40, 207-16.

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Denny, C.S. 1965: Alluvial fans in the Death Valley region, California and Nevada. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 466, (62 pp.)

Dom, R.I. 1980: A biological model of rock varnish formation. Abstracts: Pacific Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science, University of California, Davis, June 22-27, 50.

1982 : Desert varnish in Israel. Program Abstracts, Association of American Geographers, San Antonio Meeting, 311.

Dorn, R.I. and Oberlander, T.M. 1980: The biological origin of desert varnish. Program Abstracts, Association of American Geographers, Louisville Meeting, p. 207.

1981a: Microbial origin of desert varnish. Science 213, 1245-47.

1981b: Rock varnish origin, characteristics, and usage. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 25, 420-36.

1981 c: Desert varnish: an example of a terrestrial manganese sink . In Yaalon, D. H., editor, Abstracts: International Conference on Aridic Soils, Jerusalem, Israel, March - 4 April, 33.

Dubinina, G.A. 1980: The role of microorganisms in the formation of the recent iron-manganese lacustrine ores. In Varentsov, I.M. and Grasselly, Gy. , editors, Geology and geochemistry of manganese. Volume III. Manganese on the bottom of recent basins, Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 305-26.

El-Baz, F. and Prestel, D. 1980: Desert varnish on sand grains from the Western Desert of Egypt: importance of the clay component and implications to Mars . Lunar and Planetary Science 11, 254-56.

Elvidge, C.D. 1979: Distribution and formation of desert varnish in Arizona . M. Sc. Thesis, Arizona State University. ( 109 pp.)

Elvidge, C.D. and Moore, C.B. 1979: A Model for Desert Varnish Formation. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 11, 271.

1980: Restoration of petroglyphs with artificial desert varnish . Studies in Conservation 25, 108-17.

Elvidge, C.D. and Collet, C.J. 1981: Desert varnish in Arizona: distribution and spectral characteristics . Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry ASP-ACSM Fall Technical Meeting, San Francisco, 9-11 September, 215-22.

Elvidge, C.D. : Reexamination of the rate of desert varnish formation reported south of Barstow, California. Earth Surface Processes, in press.

Engel, C.G. 1957: Desert varnish. M.Sc. Thesis, University of California at Los Angeles. (46 pp.)

Engel, C.G. , and Sharp, R.S. 1958: Chemical data on desert varnish. Geological Society of America Bulletin 69, 487-518.

Evenari, M. , Shanan, L. and Tadmor, N. 1971: The Negev: the challenge of a desert. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press . (345 pp.)

Fairbridge, R.W. 1968: Desert varnish (patina). In Fairbridge, R. W. , editor, Encyclopedia of geomorphology , Stroudsburg: Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, 279-80.

Feagley, S.E. 1979: Rates of manganese oxidation in a Menfro soil. PhD dissertation , University of Missouri. (201 pp.)

Flamand, G.B.M. 1921: Les pierres écrites (Hadjvat-Mektoubat), Gravures et inscriptions repestrés du Nord-Africain. Paris: Masson. (434 pp.)

Francis, W.D. 1921: The origin of black coatings or iron and manganese oxides on rocks. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 32, 110-16.

Fredrickson, A.G. and Stephanopoulos, G. 1981: Microbial competition. Science 213, 972-79.

Garner, H.F. 1974: The origin of landscapes, a synthesis of geomorphology . New York: Oxford University Press . (734 pp.)

Giovanoli, R. 1980. Vernadite is random-stacked birnessite. Mineralium Deposita 15,251-53.

Glazovskaya, M. 1968: Geochemical landscapes and types of geochemical soil sequences. Transactions of the 9th International Congress of Soil Science 4, 303-12.

1971: Types of geochemical soil catenas. Soviet Geography: Review and Translation 11, 235-45.

Glennan, W.S. 1974: The Baker site, an early lithic assemblage from the Mojave Desert. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 10, 18-34.

Glennie, K.W. 1970: Desert sedimentary environments. New York: Elsevier Publishing Company. (222 pp.)

Goudie, A. and Wilkinson. J. 1977: The warm desert environment. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. (88 pp.)

Grant, C. 1967: Rock art of the American Indian. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell. ( 177 pp.)

Grant, C. Baird, J.W. , and Pringle, J.K. 1968: Rock drawings of the Coso range, Inyo county, California . Maturango Museum Publication no. 4, China Lake, California. (145 pp.)

Grant, C. 1978: Canyon de Chelly. People and rock art. Tucson: University Arizona Press. (240 pp.)

Haberland, W. 1975: Untersuchungen an Krusten, Wustenlacken und Polituren auf Gesteinsoberflachen der nordlichen und mittleren Saharan (Libyen und Tchad). Berliner Geographische Abhandlungen 21, 1-77.

Ha-mung, T. 1968: The biological nature of iron-manganese crusts of soil-forming rocks in Sakhalin mountain soils. Microbiology 36, 621-24.

Hayden, J. 1976: Pre-altithermal archaeology in the Sierra Pinacate , Sonora, Mexico. American Antiquity 41, 274-89.

Heizer, R.F. and Baumhoff, M.A. 1962: Prehistoric rock art of Nevada and eastern California. Berkeley: University of California Press. (412 pp.)

Hem, J.D. 1964: Deposition and solution of manganese oxides. United States Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1667-B. (42 pp.)

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Hooke, R. 1967: Processes on arid-region alluvial fans. Journal of Geology 75, 438-60.

Hooke, R. , Yang, H. and Weiblen, P.W. 1969: Desert varnish: an electron microprobe study. Journal of Geology 77, 275-88.

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Hume, W.F. 1925: Geology of Egypt. Cairo: Government Press, volume 1, pp. 143-61.

Hunt, C.B. 1954: Desert varnish. Science 120, 183-84.

Hunt, C.B. and Mabey, D.R. 1966: Stratigraphy and structure, Death Valley, California . United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 494-A, 90-92.

Hunt, C.B. 1972: Geology of soils. San Francisco : Freeman. (349 pp.)

Iskander, Z. 1952: Desert varnish and mortar of the Rhomboidal pyramid at Dahshur. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Egypte 52, 271-74.

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