Statistical methods in physical geography

Abrahams, A.D. 1972: Drainage densities and sediment yields in Eastern Australia . Australian Geographical Studies i o, 19-41.

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Amorocho, J. 1973: Nonlinear hydrologic analysis. Advances in Hydroscience 9,203-51.

Anderson, A.J.B. 1971: Numeric examination of multivariate soil samples. Mathematical Geology 3, 1-14.

Anderson, P. 1970: The uses and limitations of trend surface analysis in studies of urban air pollution. Atmospheric Environment 4, 129-47.

Andrews, J.T. 1965a: The corries of the northern Nain-Okak section of Labrador . Geographical Bulletin 7, 129-36.

1965b: Surface boulder orientation studies around the northwest margin of the Barnes Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 35, 735-58.

Andrews, J.T. and Shimizu, K. 1966: Three dimensional vector technique for analyzing till fabrics: discussion and Fortran program. Geographical Bulletin 8, 151-65.

Bagrov, N.A. 1959: The analytical representation of the sequence of meteorological fields by means of natural orthogonal components. Moscow, Central Institute Prog. Trudy 74, 3-24 (from Meteorological Office Library translation).

Bain, W.C. 1976: The power spectrum of temperature in central England . Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society 102, 464-6.

Barkham, J.P. and Norris, J.M. 1970: Multivariate procedures in an investigation of vegetation and soil relations of two beech woodlands, Cotswold Hills, England . Ecology 51, 630-9

Barry, R.G. and Perry, A.H. 1973: Synoptic climatology: methods and applications . London: Methuen.

Bartlett, M.S. 1962: Essays on probability and statistics. London: Methuen.

1976 : The statistical analysis of spatial pattern. London: Chapman and Hall.

Battacharya, R.N. , Gupta, V.K. and Sposito, G. 1976: On the stochastic foundations of the theory of water flow through unsaturated soil. Water Resources Research 12, 503-12.

Becker, N.G. 1968: Regression problems when the predictor variables are proportions . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B 31, 107-12.

Bennett, R.J. 1974: Process identification for time series modelling in urban and regional planning. Regional Studies 8, 157-74.

1976: Adaptive adjustment of channel geometry. Earth Surface Processes 1, 131-50.

Bennett, R.J. , Campbell, W.J. and Maughan, R.A. 1976: Changes in atmospheric pollution concentrations . In Brebbia, C. A. , editor, Proceedings of the International Conference on Mathematical Modelsfor Environmental Problems , London: Pentech Press .

Bertoni, E.A. and Lund, I.A. 1963: Space correlations of the height of constant pressure surfaces. Journal of Applied Meteorology 2, 539-45.

Bhattacharyya, B.K. 1969: Bicubic spline interpolation as a method for treatment of potential field data. Geophysics 34, 402-23.

Bidwell, O.W. and Hole, F.D. 1964: Numerical taxonomy and soil classification. Soil Science 97, 58-62.

Box, G.E.P. and Jenkins, G.M. 1970: Time series analysis-forecasting and control. San Francisco: Holden-Day.

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Brooks, C.E.P. and Carruthers, N. 1953: Handbook of statistical methods in meteorology . London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.

Brower, J.C. and Veinus, J. 1974: The statistical zap versus the shotgun approach. Mathematical Geology 6, 31 1-32.

Brown, V.J. 1973: Land use and the urban heat island: a case study of Nottingham . Department of Geography, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth: unpublished B.Sc. dissertation.

Bunce, R.G.H. , Morrell, S.K. and Stel, H.E. 1975: The application of multivariate analysis to regional survey. Journal of Environmental Management 3, 151-65.

Burch, C.R. and Murgatroyd, P.N. 1971: Broken-line and complex frequency distributions. Mathematical Geology 3, 135-55.

Burnaby, T.P. 1970: On a method for character weighting a similarity coefficient, employing the concept of information. Mathematical Geology 2, 25-38.

Caffey, J.E. 1965: Interstation correlations in annual precipitation and in annual effective precipitation. Fort Collins: Colorado State University Hydrological Papers 6.

Calver, A. , Kirkby, M.J. and Weyman, D.R. 1972: Modelling hillslope and channel flows. In Chorley, R. J. , editor, Spatial analysis in geomorphology, London: Methuen.

Carr, D.D. , Horowitz, A. , Hrabar, S.V. , Ridge, K.F. , Rooney, R. , Straw, W.T. , Webb, W. and Potter, P.E. 1966: Stratigraphic sections, bedding sequences, and random processes. Science 154, 1 162--4 .

Carson, M. 1966: Some problems with the use of correlation techniques in morphometric studies. In Slaymaker, H. O. , editor, Morphometric analysis of maps, British Geomorphological Research Group, Occasional Papers 4.

Caskey, J.E. , Jr 1963: A Markov chain model for the probability of precipitation occurrence in intervals of various lengths. Monthly Weather Review 9 1, 298-301. 1964: Markov chain model of cold spells at London. Meteorological Magazine 93, 136--8.

Chandrasekhar, S. 1943: Stochastic problems in physics and astronomy. Reviews of Modern Physics 15, 1-89.

Chayes, F. 1954: Effect of change of origin on mean and variance of two-dimensional fabrics. American Journal of Science 252, 567-70.

1960: On correlation between variables of constant sum. Journal of Geophysical Research 65, 4.185-93.

1971 : Ratio correlation. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Chayes, F. and Kruskal, W. 1966: An approximate statistical test for correlations between proportions. Journal of Geology 74, 692-702.

Chorley, R.J. 1957: Illustrating the laws of morphometry. Geological Magazine 94, 140-50.

1959: The shape of drumlins. Journal of Glaciology 3, 339-44.

1962 : General systems theory and geomorphology. United States Geological Survey, Professional Papers 500-B.

1966 : The application of statistical methods to geomorphology. In Dury, G. H. , editor, Essays in geomorphology, London: Heinemann .

1969: The elevation of the Lower Greensand ridge, south-east England. Geological Magazine, 106, 231-48.

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Chorley, R.J. and Haggett, P. 1965: Trend-surface mapping in geographical research . Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 37, 47-67.

Chorley, R.J. and Kennedy, B.A. 1971: Physical geography: a systems: approach. London: Prentice Hall.

Chow, V.T. and Kareziotis, S.J. 1970: Analysis of stochastic hydrologic systems. Water Resources Research 6, 1569-82.

Christensen, W.I. and Bryson, R.A. 1966: An investigation of the potential of component analysis for weather classification. Monthly Weather Review 94, 697-709.

Clarke, P.J. and Evans, F.C. 1954: Distance to nearest neighbour as a measure of spatial relationships in populations. Ecology 35, 445-53.

Cliff, A.D. and Ord, J.K. 1975: Model building and the analysis of spatial pattern in human geography. Journal of the Royal Slatistical Society B 37, 297-328.

Collins, L. 1975: An introduction to Markov chain analysis. Concepts and techniques in modern geography 1, Norwich: Geoabstracts.

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Cooke, R.U. and Robson, B.T. 1976: Geography in the United Kingdom 1972-76. Geographical Journal 142, 3-22.

Craddock, J.M. 1966: A meteorological application of principal components analysis . The Statistician 5, 143-56.

1973: Problems and prospects for eigenvector analysis in meteorology . The Statistician 12, 133-45.

Craddock, J.M. and Flood, C.R. 1969: Eigenvectors for representing the 500 mb geopotential surface over the northern hemisphere. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 95, 576-93.

Crain, I.K. 1976: Statistical analysis ofgeotechnics. In Merriam, D. F. , editor, Random processes in geology, New York, Heidelberg and Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Crowe, P.R. 1950: The seasonal variation in the strength of the trades . Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 17, 24-47.

1971 : Concepts in climatology. London: Longman.

Crozier, M.J. 1975: On the origin of the Peterborough drumlin field: testing the dilatancy theory. Canadian Geographer 19, 181-95.

Cuanalo, H. E. de la C. and Webster, R. 1970: A comparative study of numerical classification and ordination of soil profiles in a locality near Oxford. Part 1: Analysis of 85 sites. Journal of Soil Science 21, 340-52.

Culling, W.E.H. 1963: Soil creep and the development of hillside slopes . Journal of Geology 71, 127-61.

1965: Theory of erosion on soil-covered slopes. Journal of Geology 73, 230-54.

Curl, R.L. 1966: Caves as a measure of karst. Journal of Geology 74, 798-830.

Curray, J.R. 1956: The analysis of two-dimensional orientation data . Journal of Geology 64, 117-31.

Curry, L. 1962: Climatic change as a random series. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 52, 21-31.

Curtis, J.T. and McIntosh, R.P. 1951: An upland forest continuum, in the prairie-forest border region of Wisconsin. Ecology 32, 476-96.

Dacey, M.F. 1964: Modified Poisson probability law for point pattern more regular than random. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 54, 559-65.

1976 : Summary of magnitude properties of topologically distinct channel networks and network patterns. In Merriam, D. F. , editor, Random processes in geology, New York, Heidelberg and Berlin : Springer-Verlag.

Dacey, M.F. and Krumbein, W.C. 1970: Markovian models in stratigraphic analysis. Mathematical Geology 2, 175-91.

Darroch, J.N. 1969: Null correlation for proportions. Mathematical Geology 1, 221-7.

Darroch, J.N. and Ratcliff, D. 1970: Null correlation for proportions—II. Mathematical Geology 2, 307-12.

Daultrey, S. 1976: Principal components analysis, Concepts and techniques in modern geography 8, Norwich: Geoabstracts.

Davies, B.E. and Gamm, S.A. 1969: Trend surface analysis applied to soil reaction values from Kent, England. Geoderma 3, 223-31.

Davis, J.C. 1970: Information contained in sediment-size analyses. Mathematical Geology 2, 105-12.

Delfiner, P. and Delhomme, J.P. 1974: Optimum interpolation by Kriging. In Davis, J. P. and McCullagh, M. J. , editors, Display and analysis of spatial data, London: Wiley.

Dixon, R. 1969: Orthogonal polynomials as a basis for objective analysis . Meteorological Office ( UK), Scientific Papers 30. London : Her Majesty's Stationery Office.

Dixon, R. , Spackman, E.A. , Jones, I. and Francis, A. 1972: The global analysis of meteorological data using orthogonal polynomial base functions. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 29, 609-22.

Doornkamp, J.C. 1972: Trend surface analysis of planation surfaces, with an East African case study. In Chorley, R. J. , editor, Spatial analysis in geomorphology, London: Methuen.

Doornkamp, J.C. and King, C.A.M. 1971: Numerical analysis in geomorphology. London: Arnold.

Duckstein, L. , Fogel, M. and Kisiel, C.C. 1976: A stochastic model of runoff producing rainfall for summer type storms. Water Resources Research 8, 410-21.

Durand, D. and Greenwood, J.A. 1958: Modification of the Rayleigh test for uniformity in the analysis of two-dimensional orientation data. Journal of Geology 66, 229-38.

Eddy, A. 1967: The statistical objective analysis ofscalar data fields . Journal of Applied Meteorology 6, 597-609.

Ethridge, F.G. and Davies, D.K. 1973: Grouped regression analysis-a sedimentological example. Mathematical Geology 5, 377-88.

Evans, I.S. 1972: General geomorphometry, derivatives of altitude, and descriptive statistics. In Chorley, R. J. , editor, Spatial analysis in geomorphology, London : Methuen.

1974 : The geomorphometry and asymmetry of glaciated mountains. University of Cambridge: unpublished PhD thesis.

Feldhausen, P.H. 1970: Ordination of sediments from the Cape Hatteras continental margin. Mathematical Geology 2, 1 13-29.

Felgate, D.G. and Read, D.G. 1975: Correlation analysis of cellular structure of storms observed by raingauges. Journal of Hydrology 24, 19 1-200.

Ferguson, R.I. 1975: Meander irregularity and wavelength estimation. Journal of Hydrology 26, 315-33.

Feyerherm, A.M. and Bark, L.D. 1967: Goodness of fit of a Markov chain model for sequences of wet and dry days. Journal of Applied Meteorology 6, 770-3.

Fitzpatrick, E.A. and Krishnan, A. 1967: A first-order Markov model for assessing rainfall discontinuity in central Australia. Archiv fur Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie B, 15, 242-59.

Flueck, J.A. and Holland, B.S. 1976: Ratio estimators and some inherent problems in their utilization . Journal of Applied Meteorology 15, 535-42.

Fox, W.T. 1967: Fortran IV programs for vector trend analysis of directional data. Computer Contribution, State Geological Survey of Kansas 28. (31 pp.)

Frenkel, R.E. and Harrison, C.M. 1974: An assessment of the usefulness of phytosociological and numerical classificatory methods for the community biogeographer. Journal of Biogeography 1, 27-56.

Fritsch, J.M. 1971: Objective analysis of a two-dimensional data field by the cubic spline technique. Monthly Weather Review 97, 384-404.

Gabriel, K.R. and Newmann, J. 1962: A Markov chain model for daily rainfall occurrence at Tel Aviv. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 88, 90-5.

Ghose, B.K. 1970: Statistical analysis of mixed fossil populations. Mathematical Geology 2, 265-76.

Gould, P.R. 1967: On the geographical interpretation of eigenvalues . Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 42, 53-86.

Gower, J.C. 1966: Some distance properties of latent root and vector methods used in multivariate analysis. Biometrika 53, 325-38.

1971: A general coefficient of similarity and some of its properties . Biometrics 27, 857-71.

1973: A very old friend revisited again. Mathematical Geology 5, 203-7.

Grainger, C.W.J. 1969: Spatial data and time series analysis. In Scott, A. J. , editor, Studies in regional science, London: Pion .

Grant, F. 1961: A problem in the analysis of geophysical data. Geophysics 22, 309-44.

Gray, N. 1973: Postscript to an old friend. Mathematical Geology 5, 207.

Gregory, K.J. and Brown, E.H. 1966: Data processing and the study of landform. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie NF 10, 237-63.

Gregory, S. 1955: Some aspects of the variability of annual rainfall over the British Isles for the standard period 1901-30. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 81, 257 -62.

1957: Annual rainfall probability maps of the British Isles . Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 83, 543-9.

1976: On geographical myths and statistical fables. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New series 1, 385-400.

Greig-Smith, P. 1964: Quantitative plant ecology. London : Butterworths.

Griffiths, J.C. and Rosenfeld, M.A. 1953: A further test of dimensional orientation of quartz grains in Bradford sand. American Journal of Science 251, 192-214.

Grimmer, M. 1963: The space-filtering of monthly surface temperature anomaly data in terms of pattern, using empirical orthogonal functions. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 89, 395-408.

Gumbel, E.J. 1958: Statistics of extremes. New York: Columbia University.

Hails, J.R. 1967: Significance of statistical parameters for distinguishing sedimentary environments. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 37, 1059-69.

Halperin, M. and Gurian, J. 1971: Estimation in straight line regression when both variables are subject to error. Journal of the American Statistical Association 66, 587-9.

Hamlin, R. and Thornes, J.B. 1974: Width variations in small perennial stream channels . London School of Economics, Graduate School of Geography , Discussion Papers 51.

Harbaugh, J.W. and Merriam, D.F. 1968: Computer applications in stratigraphic analysis . New York: Wiley.

Harbaugh, J.W. and Preston, F.W. 1968: Fourier series analysis in geology. In Berry, B. L. J. and Marble, D. F. , editors, Spatial analysis, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.

Hardy, R.L. 1971: Multiquadric equations of topography and other irregular surfaces. Journal of Geophysical Research 76, 1905-15.

Harrison, C.M. 1971: Recent approaches to the description and analysis of vegetation . Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 52, 113-27.

Hautamaki, L. 1970: The use of multi-variable methods in regional geographical analysis. Fennia 99, 5-26.

Hepple, L.W. 1974: The impact of stochastic process theory upon spatial analysis in human geography. Process in Geography 6,91-142.

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Hill, W.J. and Hunter, W.G. 1968: A review of response surface methodology: a literature survey. Technometrics 8, 571-90.

Hobson, R. 1972: Surface roughness in topography: quantitative approach . In Chorley, R. J. , editor, Spatial analysis in geomorphology, London: Methuen.

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Howard, A.D. 1971: Simulation of stream networks by headward growth and branching . Geographical Analysis 3, 29-50.

Howarth, R.J. 1973: Preliminary assessment of a non-linear mapping algorithm in a geological context. Mathematical Geology 5, 39-57.

Huijbregts, C. 1974: Regionalised variables and quantitative analysis of spatial data. In Davis, J. P. and Mc Cullagh, M. J. , editors, Display and analysis of spatial data, London: Wiley.

Hutchinson, P. 1974: Progress in the use of the method of optimum interpolation for the design of the Zambian raingauge network. Geoforum 20, 49-62.

James, W.R. 1966: Fortran IV program for using Double Fourier series for surface fitting for irregularly spaced data. Computer Contribution, State Geological Survey of Kansas 5. (19 pp.)

1970: Regression models for faulted structural surfaces. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 54, 638-46.

Johnson, K.R. and Cook, A.C. 1973: Cyclic characteristics of sediments in the Moon Island Beach subgroup, Newcastle Coal Measures, New South Wales. Mathematical Geology 3, 91-1 10.

Jones, T.A. 1972: Multiple regression with correlated independent variables. Mathematical Geology 4, 203-18.

Jones, T.A. and James, W.R. 1969: Analysis of bi-modal orientation data. Mathematical Geology 1, 129-35.

Julian, P.R. 1970: An application of rank-order statistics to the joint spatial and temporal variations of meteorological elements. Monthly Weather Review 98, 142-53.

Jupp, D.L. and Stewart, I.C.F. 1974: A piece-wise exponential model for seismic well-logging data. Mathematical Geology 6, 33-45.

Kavvas, M.L. and Delleur, J.W. 1975: Removal of periodicities by differing and monthly mean subtraction. Journal of Hydrology 26, 335-53.

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King, C.A.M. 1969a: Trend surface analysis of Central Pennine erosion surfaces . Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 47, 47-59.

1969b: Map interpretation of the Nottingham area by means of factor analysis. East Midland Geographer 4, 400-13.

Kisiel, C.C. 1969: Time series analysis of hydrological data. Advances in Hydroscience 5, 1-119.

Koelling, M.E.V. and Whitten, E.H.T. 1973: Fortran IV program for spline surface interpolation and contour map production. Geocom Programs 9, (12 pp.)

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1959a: The sorting out of geological variables illustrated by regression analysis of factors controlling beach firmness. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 29, 575-87.

1959b: Trend surface analysis of contour-type maps with irregular control point spacing. Journal of Geophysical Research 64, 823-34.

1966 : A comparison of polynomial and Fourier models in map analysis . United States Office of Naval Research, Technical Report 2 of Task 388-078.

Krumbein, W.C. and Dacey, M.F. 1969: Markov chains and embedded Markov chains in geology . Mathematical Geology 1, 79-96.

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Krumbein, W.C. and James, W.R. 1969: Frequency distributions of stream link lengths . Journal of Geology 77, 544-65.

Krumbein, W.C. and Watson, G.S. 1972: Effects of trends on correlation in open and closed three-component systems. Mathematical Geology 4, 317-30.

Kutzbach, J.E. 1967: Empirical eigenvectors of sea level pressure, surface temperature and precipitation complexes over North America. Journal of Applied Meteorology 6, 791-802.

1970: Large scale features of monthly mean northern hemisphere anomaly maps of sea level pressures. Monthly Weather Review 98, 708-16.

Lai, Pong-Wai 1976: Empirical evaluation of soil tension, with emphasis on variations during a drying period. London School of Economics, Graduate School of Geography, Discussion Papers 58.

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Lee, P.J. 1969: The theory and application of canonical trend surfaces . Journal of Geology 77, 303-18.

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Lettau, H. 1969: Evaporation climatonomy: 1—a new approach to numerical prediction of monthly evapotranspiration, runoff and soil moisture storage. Monthly Weather Review 97, 691-9.

Lloyd, E.H. 1974: What is, and what is not, a Markov chain? Journal of Hydrology 22, 1-28.

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Lowry, W.P. and Guthrie, D. 1968: Markov chains of order greater than one. Monthly Weather Review 96, 798-801.

Lund, I.A. 1963: Map pattern classification by statistical methods . Journal of Applied Meteorology 2, 56-65.

Lynn, P.P. 1975: Rainfall interpolation using multiquadric surfaces . Computer Applications 2, 321-34.

McBoyle, G.R. 1971: Climatic classification of Australia by computer . Australian Geographical Studies 9, 1-14.

1972: Factor analytic approach to climatic classification of Europe. Climatological Bulletin 12, 1-11.

Mc Cammon, R.B. 1971: An old friend revisited. Mathematical Geology 3,327. 1973: Nonlinear regression for dependent variables. Mathematical Geology 5, 365-75.

McCann, S.B. and Chorley, R.J. 1967: Trend-surface mapping of raised shorelines. Nature 215, 611-12.

McConnell, H. and Horn, J.M. 1972: Probabilities of surface karst. In Chorley, R. J. , editor, Spatial analysis in geomorphology , London: Methuen .

McCullagh, M.J. 1975: Estimation by Kriging of the reliability of the proposed Trent telemetry network. Computer Applications 2, 357-74.

Mandeville, A.N. and Rodda, J.C. 1970: A contribution to the objective assessment of areal rainfall amounts. Journal of Hydrology (New Zealand) 9, 281-91.

Manley, G. 1974: Central England temperatures: monthly means 1659-1973 . Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 100, 389-405.

Mardia, K.V. 1970: Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications . Biometrics 22, 1-8.

1972 : Statistics of directional data. London and New York: Academic Press .

Mark, D.M. 1973: Analysis of axial orientation data, including till fabrics. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 84, 1369-74.

Marotz, G.A. and Coiner, J.C. 1973: Acquisition and characterization of surface material data for urban climatological studies. Journal of Applied Meteorology 12, 919-23.

Mason, B.J. 1976: Towards the understanding and prediction of climatic variation . Quaterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 102, 473-98.

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Mather, P.M. 1972: Study of factors influencing variation in size characteristics of fluvioglacial sediments. Mathematical Geology 4, 219-34.

1975: Use of orthogonal polynomials in least-squares problems . Computer Applications 2, 310-20.

1976 : Computational methods of multivariate analysis in physical geography. London: Wiley.

Mather, P.M. and Doornkamp, J.C. 1970: Multivariate analysis in geography with particular reference to drainage basin morphology. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 5 1, 163-87.

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Merriam, D. F. , editor 1976: Random processes in geology. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Miesch, A.T. and Connor, J.J. 1968: Stepwise regression and non-polynomial models in trend analysis. Computer Contribution, State Geological Survey of Kansas 27, (40 pp.)

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Miller, V.C. 1953: Quantitative geomorphological study of drainage basin characteristics in Clinch Mountain area, Tennessee. Columbia University, Department of Geology, ONR Project NR 389-042, Technical Report 3.

Morisawa, M.E. 1962: Quantitative geomorphology of some watersheds in the Appalachian Plateau. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 73, 1025-46.

Muir, J.W. , Hardie, H.G.M. , Inkson, R.H.E. and Anderson, A.J.B. 1970: The classification of soil profiles by traditional and numerical methods. Geoderma 4, 81-9.

Mundry, E. 1972: On the resolution of mixed frequency distributions into normal components. Mathematical Geology 4, 55-60.

Nash, J.E. and Sutcliffe, J.V. 1970: River flow forecasting through conceptual models I. A discussion of principles. Journal of Hydrology 10, 282-90.

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Norcliffe, G.B. 1969: On the uses and limitations of trend-surface models . Canadian Geographer 13, 338-48.

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