Four major themes can be identified over the period 2008—2009: (1) the increasing use, sophistication and resolution of remote sensing techniques and the application of these methods to assessment of biomass, C-balance and biosphere-atmosphere interactions; (2) continued interest in dynamic change processes affecting individual species and plant communities, and the changing proportions of tree, shrub and herbaceous components; (3) the nature, impact and management of fire; and (4) increasing awareness of the importance of soils and soil moisture in shaping the nature and distribution of vegetation, particularly at local scales.
Abe, S.S., Yamamoto, S. and Wakatsuki, T.2009: Physiochemical and morphological properties of termite (Macrotermes bellicosus) mounds and surrounding pedons on a toposequence of an inland valley in the southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition55, 514-22.
2.
Aleper, D., Lye, K.A. and Moe, S.R.2008: Response of Acacia sieberiana to repeated experimental burning. Rangeland Ecology and Management61, 182-87.
3.
Amorim, P.K. and Batalha, M.A.2008: Soil chemical factors and grassland species density in Emas National Park (central Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology68, 279-85.
4.
Aranibar, J.N., Anderson, I.C., Epstein, H.E., Feral, C.J.W., Swap, R.J., Ramontsho, J. and Macko, S.A.2008: Nitrogen isotope composition of soils, C-3 and C-4 plants along land use gradients in southern Africa. Journal of Arid Environments72, 326-37.
5.
Archibald, S.2008: African grazing lawns - how fire, rainfall, and grazing numbers interact to affect grass community states. Journal of Wildlife Management72, 492-501.
6.
Asner, G.P., Levick, S.R., Kennedy-Bowdoin, T., Knapp, D.E., Emerson, R., Jacobson, J., Colgan, M.S. and Martin, R.E.2009: Large-scale impacts of herbivores on the structural diversity of African savannas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America106, 4947-52.
7.
Awiti, A.O., Walsh, M.G. and Kinyamario, J.2008: Dynamics of topsoil carbon and nitrogen along a tropical forest-cropland chronosequence: evidence from stable isotope analysis and spectroscopy. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment127, 265-72.
8.
Balch, J.K., Nepstad, D.C., Curran, L.M. and Cochrane, M.A.2009: Pattern and process: fire-initiated grass invasion at Amazon transitional forest edges. In Cochrane, M.A., editor, Tropical fire ecology: climate change, land use, and ecosystem dynamics, Berlin: Springer, 481-502.
9.
Barros, L.D., do Vale, J.F., Schaefer, C.E.G.R. and Mourao, M.2009: Soil and water losses in Acacia mangium plantations and natural savanna in Roraima, northern Amazon. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo33, 447-54.
10.
Beckage, B., Platt, W.J. and Gross, L.J.2009: Vegetation, fire and feedbacks: a disturbance-mediated model of savannas . The American Naturalist174, 805-18.
11.
Bieras, A.C. and Sajo, M.D.2009: Leaf structure of the cerrado (Brazilian savanna) woody plants. Trees - Structure and Function23, 451-71.
12.
Bilbao, B., Leal, A., Mendez, C. and Delgado-Cartay, M.D.2009: The role of fire in the vegetation dynamics of upland savannas of the Venezuelan Guayana. In Cochrane, M.A., editor, Tropical fire ecology: climate change, land use, and ecosystem dynamics, Berlin: Springer, 451-80.
13.
Bloesch, U.2008: Thicket clumps: a characteristic feature of the Kagera savanna landscape, East Africa. Journal of Vegetation Science19, 31-44.
14.
Bocchese, R.A., Morbeck de Oliveira, A.K., Melotto, A.M., Fernandes, V. and Laura, V.A.2008: Effects of soil structure on germination of Tabebuia heptaphylla seeds. Cerne14, 62-67.
15.
Bombelli, A., Henry, M., Castaldi, S., Adu-Bredu, S., Arneth, A., de Grandcourt, A., Grieco, E., Kutsch, W.L., Lehsten, V., Rasile, A., Reichstein, M., Tansey, K., Weber, U. and Valentine, R.2009: An outlook on the Sub-Saharan carbon balance. Biogeosciences6, 2193-205.
16.
Bond, W.J.2008: What limits trees in C-4 grasslands and savannas?Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics39, 641-59.
17.
Bond, W.J., Silander, J.A., Ranaivonasy, J. and Ratsirarson, J.2008: The antiquity of Madagascar’s grasslands and the rise of C-4 grassy biomes. Journal of Biogeography35, 1743-58.
18.
Borma, L.S., da Rocha, H.R., Cabral, O.M., von Randow, C., Collicchio, E., Kurzatkowski, D., Brugger, P.J., Freitas, H., Tannus, R., Oliveira, L., Renno, C.D. and Artaxo, P.2009: Atmosphere and hydrological controls of the evapotranspiration over a floodplain forest in the Bananal island region, Amazonia. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences114, G01003, DOI: 10.1029/2007JG000641.
19.
Boudsocq, S., Lata, J.C., Mathieu, J., Abbadie, L. and Barot, S.2009: Modelling approach to analyses the effects of nitrification inhibition on primary production. Functional Ecology23, 220-30.
20.
Brummer, C., Papen, H., Wassmann, R. and Bruggemann, N.2009: Fluxes of CH4 and CO2 from soil and termite mounds in south Sudanian savanna of Burkina Faso (West Africa). Global Biogeochemical Cycles23, GB1001, DOI: 10.1029/2008GB003237.
21.
Bucci, S.J., Scholz, F.G., Goldstein, G., Hoffman, W.A., Meinzer, F.C., Franco, A.C., Giambelluca, T. and Miralles-Wilhelm, F.2008: Controls on stand transpiration and soil water utilization along a tree density gradient in a neotropical savanna. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology148, 839-49.
22.
Buis, G.M., Blair, J.M., Burkepile, D.E., Burns, C.E., Chamberlain, A.J., Chapman, P.L., Collins, S.L., Fynn, R.W.S., Govender, N., Kirkman, K.P., Smith, M.D. and Knapp, A.K.2009: Controls of above ground net primary production in mesic savanna grasslands: an inter-hemispheric comparison. Ecosystems12, 982-95.
23.
Butz, R.J.2009: Traditional fire management: historical fire regimes and land use change in pastoral East Africa. International Journal of Wildland Fire18, 442-50.
24.
Cabacinha, C.D. and de Castro, S.S.2009: Relationships between floristic diversity and vegetation indices, forest structure and landscape metrics of fragments in Brazilian cerrados. Forest Ecology and Management257, 2157-65.
25.
Cardoso, M.F., Nobre, C.A., Lapola, D.M., Oyama, M.D. and Sampaio, G.2008: Long-term potential for fires in estimates of the occurrence of savannas in the tropics. Global Ecology and Biogeography17, 222-35.
26.
Carneiro, M.A.C., de Souza, E.D., dos Reis, E.F., Pereira, H.S. and de Azevedo, W.R.2009: Physical, chemical and biological properties of cerrado soil under different land use and tillage systems. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo33, 147-57.
27.
Carvalho, A.R. and Marques-Alves, S.2008: Density and successional index of cerrado sensu stricto at the UEG Campus. Revista Arvore32, 81-90.
28.
Carvalho, F.A., Rodrigues, V.H.P., Kilca, R.V., Siqueira, A.S., Araujo, G.M. and Schiavini, I.2008: Floristic composition, richness and diversity of a cerrado sensu stricto in southeastern Goias State, Brazil. Bioscience Journal24, 64-72.
29.
Carvalho, F.M.V., de Marco, P. Jr and Ferreira, L.G.2009: The cerrado into pieces: habitat fragmentation as a function of landscape use in the savannas of central Brazil. Biological Conservation142, 1392-403.
30.
Caylor, K.K., Scanlon, T.M. and Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.2009: Ecohydrological optimization of pattern and processes in water-limited ecosystems: a trade-off-based hypothesis. Water Resources Research45, W08407, DOI: 10.1029/2008WR007230.
31.
Cech, P.G., Kuster, T., Edwards, P.J. and Venterink, H.O.2008: Effects of herbivory, fire and N-2 fixation on nutrient limitation in a humid African savanna. Ecosystems11, 991-1004.
32.
Chamaille-Jammes, S. and Fritz, H.2009: Precipitation-NDVI relationships in eastern and southern African savannas vary along a precipitation gradient. International Journal of Remote Sensing30, 3409-22.
33.
Chokkalingam, U., Kurniawan, I., Suyanto, Permana, R.P., Buitenzorgy, M. and Usanto, R.H.2009: Fire and land use effects on biodiversity in the southern Sumatran wetlands. In Cochrane, M.A., editor, Tropical fire ecology: climate change, land use, and ecosystem dynamics, Berlin: Springer, 355-85.
34.
Cianciaruso, M.V. and Batalha, M.A.2008: A year in a cerrado wet grassland: a non-seasonal island in a seasonal savanna environment. Brazilian Journal of Biology68, 495-501.
35.
Cianciaruso, M.V. and Batalha, M.A.2009: Short-term community dynamics in seasonal and hyperseasonal cerrados . Brazilian Journal of Biology69, 231-40.
36.
Clarke, M.F.2008: Catering for the needs of fauna in fire management: science or just wishful thinking? Wildlife Research35, 385-94.
37.
Cochrane, M.A., editor 2009: Tropical fire ecology: climate change, land use, and ecosystem dynamics. Berlin: Springer.
38.
Coetsee, C., February, E.C. and Bond, W.J.2008: Nitrogen availability is not affected by frequent fire in a South African savanna. Journal of Tropical Ecology24, 647- 54.
39.
Collins, J.N., Hutley, L.B., Williams, R.J., Boggs, G., Bell, D. and Bartolo, R.2009: Estimating landscape scale vegetation carbon stocks using airborne multifrequency polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in the savannahs of north Australia . International Journal of Remote Sensing30, 1141-59.
40.
Craine, J.M., Morrow, C. and Stock, W.D.2008: Nutrient concentration ratios and co-limitation in South African grasslands. New Phytologist179, 829-36.
41.
Crowley, G., Garnett, S. and Shephard, S.2009: Impact of storm-burning on Melaleuca viridiflora invasion of grasslands and grassy woodlands on Cape York Peninsula, Australia. Austral Ecology34, 196-209.
42.
d’Annunzio, R., Conche, S., Landais, D., Saint-Andre, L., Joffre, R. and Barthes, B.G.2008: Pairwise comparison of soil organic particle size distributions in Native savannas and eucalyptus plantations in Congo. Forest Ecology and Management255, 1050-56.
43.
da Rocha, H.R., Manzi, A.O., Cabral, O.M., Miller, S.D., Goulden, M.L., Saleska, S.R., Coupe, N.R., Wofsy, F.C., Borma, L.S., Artaxo, P., Vourlitis, G., Nogueira, J.S., Cardoso, F.L., Nobre, A.D., Kruijt, B., Freitas, H.C., von Randow, C., Auiar, R.G. and Maia, J.F.2009: Patterns of water and heat flux across a biome gradient from tropical forest to savanna in Brazil. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences114, G00B12, DOI: 10.1029/2007JG000640.
44.
Davis, A.L.V., Scholtz, C.H. and Deschodt, C.2008: Multi-scale determinants of dung beetle assemblage structure across abiotic gradients of the Kalahari-Nama Karoo ecotone, South Africa . Journal of Biogeography35, 1465-80.
45.
Dawes-Gromadzki, T.Z.2008: Abundance and diversity of termites in a savanna woodland reserve in tropical Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology47, 307-14.
46.
de Carvalho, D.A. and Martins, F.R.2009: Shrub and tree species composition in the cerrados of southwest Minas Gerais. Cerne15, 142-54.
47.
de Castro, A.P., Quirino, B.F., Pappas, G., Kurokawa, A.S., Neto, E.L. and Kruger, R.H.2008: Diversity of soil fungal communities of cerrado and its closely surrounding agricultural fields. Archives of Microbiology190, 129-39.
48.
de Medeiros, M.B. and Miranda, H.S.2008: Post-fire re-sprouting and mortality in cerrado woody plant species over a three-year period. Edinburgh Journal of Botany65, 53-68.
49.
de Medeiros, M.B., Walter, B.M.T. and Silva, G.P.2008: Phytosociology of cerrado stricto sensu in Carolina County, MA, Brazil. Cerne14, 285-94.
50.
Dezzeo, N., Flores, S. and Chacon, N.2008: Seedlings dynamics in undisturbed and adjacent fire disturbed forest in the Gran Sabana, southern Venezuela. Interciencia33, 273-79.
51.
Dobson, A.2009: Food-web structure and ecosystem services: insights from the Serengeti . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences364, 1665-82.
52.
do Vale, V.S., Crespilho, R.F. and Schiavini, I.2009: Analysis of an natural regeneration in a vegetal community of cerrados in Parque Victorio Siquierolli, Uberlandia-MG. Bioscience Journal25, 131-45.
53.
Drucker, A.G., Garnett, S.T., Luckert, M.K., Crowley, G.M. and Gobius, N.2008: Manager-based valuations of alternative fire management regimes on Cape York Peninsula, Australia. International Journal of Wildland Fire17, 660-73.
54.
Dümig, A., Schad, P., Rumpel, C., Dignac, M.F. and Kogel-Knabner, I.2008: Araucaria forest expansion on grassland in the southern Brazilian highlands as revealed by C-14 and delta C-13 studies. Geoderma145, 143-57.
55.
Duputie, A., Deletre, M., de Granville, J.J. and McKey, D.2009: Population genetics of Manihot esculenta ssp flabellifolia gives insight into past distribution of xeric vegetation in a postulated forest refugium area in northern Amazonia. Molecular Ecology18, 2897-907.
56.
Edwards, A.C. and Russell-Smith, J.2009: Ecological thresholds and the status of fire-sensitive vegetation in western Arnhem land, northern Australia: implications for management. International Journal of Wildland Fire18, 127-46.
57.
Edwards, E.J. and Still, C.J.2008: Climate, phylogeny and the ecological distribution of C-4 grasses. Ecology Letters11, 266-76.
58.
Ekblom, A.2008: Forest-savanna dynamics in the coastal lowland of southern Mozambique since c. AD 1400. The Holocene18, 1247-57.
59.
Elliott, L.P., Franklin, D.C. and Bowman, D.M.J.S. 2009: Frequency and season of fires varies with distance from settlement and grass composition in Eucalyptus miniata savannas in the Darwin region of northern Australia. International Journal of Wildland Fire18, 61-70.
60.
Fageria, N.K. and Baligar, V.C.2008: Ameliorating soil acidity of tropical Oxisols by liming for sustainable crop production. Advances in Agronomy99, 345-99.
61.
Fageria, N.K. and Stone, L.F.2008: Micronutrient deficiency problems in South America. In Alloway, B.J., editor, Micronutrient deficiencies in global crop production, Dordrecht: Springer, 245-66.
62.
Farrugia, F.T.2008: A floristic description of a neotropical coastal savanna in Belize. Caribbean Journal of Science44, 53-69.
63.
Ferreira, J.N., Bustamante, M.M. da C. and Davidson, E.A.2009: Linking woody species diversity with plant available water at a landscape scale in a Brazilian savanna. Journal of Vegetation Science20, 826-35.
64.
Figueiredo, C.C., Ramos, M.L.G. and Tostes, R.2008: Physical properties and organic matter in a Red Latosol under management systems and native cerrados. Bioscience Journal24, 24-30.
65.
Fisher, J.L., Loneragan, W.A., Dixon, K., Delaney, J. and Veneklaas, E.J.2009: Altered vegetation structure and composition linked to fire frequency and plant invasion in a biodiverse woodland. Biological Conservation142, 2270-81.
66.
Franklin, D.C., Petty, A.M., Williamson, G.J., Brook, B.W. and Bowman, D.M.J.S.2008: Monitoring contrasting land management in the savanna landscapes of northern Australia. Environmental Management41, 501-15.
67.
Furley, P.A., Rees, R.M., Ryan, C.M. and Saiz, G.2008: Savanna burning and the assessment of long-term experiments with particular reference to Zimbabwe. Progress in Physical Geography32, 611-34.
68.
Galicia, L. and Garcia-Oliva, F.2008: Remnant tree effects on soil microbial carbon and nitrogen in tropical seasonal pasture in western Mexico. European Journal of Soil Biology44, 290-97.
69.
Galy-Lacaux, C., Laouali, D., Descroix, L., Gobron, N. and Liosse, C.2009: Long term precipitation chemistry and wet deposition in a remote dry savanna site in Africa (Niger). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics9, 1579-95.
70.
Ghannoum, O., Paul, M.J., Ward, J.L., Beale, M.H., Corol, D.I. and Conroy, J.P.2008: The sensitivity of photosynthesis to phosphorus deficiency differs between C3 and C4 tropical grasses. Functional Plant Biology35, 213-21.
71.
Giambelluca, T.W., Scholz, F.G., Bucci, S.J., Meinzer, F.C., Goldstein, G., Hoffman, W.A., Franco, A.C. and Buchert, M.P.2009: Evapotranspiration and energy balance of Brazilian savannas with contrasting tree density. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology149, 1365-76.
72.
Gignoux, J., Lahoreau, G., Julliard, R. and Barot, S.2009: Establishment and early persistence of tree seedlings in an annually burned savanna. Journal of Ecology97, 484-95.
73.
Gill, A.M., Williams, R.J. and Woinarski, J.C.Z.2009: Fires in Australia’s tropical savannas: interactions with biodiversity, global warming, and exotic biota. In Cochrane, M.A., editor, Tropical fire ecology: climate change, land use, and ecosystem dynamics, Berlin : Springer, 113-41.
74.
Gillson, L. and Ekblom, A.2009: Resilience and thresholds in savannas: nitrogen and fire as drivers and responders of vegetation transition. Ecosystems12, 1189-203.
75.
Goldstein, G., Meinzer, F.C., Bucci, S.J., Scholz, F.G., Franco, A.C. and Hoffman, W.A.2008: Water economy of neotropical savanna trees: six paradigms revisited. Tree Physiology28, 395-404.
76.
Gomez, Y., Paolini, J. and Hernandez, R.M.2008: Substitution of native savanna by Pinus caribaea (Pinaceae) plantations in Venezuela: effect on parameters that indicated changes in soil carbon content. Revista de Biologia Tropical56, 2041-53.
77.
Groen, A., van Langevelde, F., de Vijver, C.A.D.M.V., Govender, N. and Prins, H.H.T.2008: Soil clay content and fire frequency affect clustering in trees in South African savannas. Journal of Tropical Ecology24, 269-79.
78.
Guerschman, J.P., Hill, M.J., Renzullo, L.J., Barrett, D.J., Marks, A.S. and Botha, E.J.2009: Estimating fractional cover of photosynthetic vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation and bare soil in the Australian tropical savanna region upscaling the EO-1 Hyperion and MODIS sensors. Remote Sensing of the Environment113, 928-45.
79.
Guldemond, R. and van Aarde, R.2008: Meta-analysis of the impact of African elephants on savanna vegetation. Journal of Wildlife Management72, 892-99.
80.
Hao, G.Y., Hoffman, W.A., Scholz, F.G., Bucci, S.J., Meinzer, F.C., Franco, A.C., Cao, K.F. and Goldstein, G.2008: Stem and leaf hydraulics of congeneric tree species from adjacent tropical savanna and forest ecosystems. Oecologia155, 405-15.
81.
Hartshorn, A.S., Coetsee, C. and Chadwick, O.A.2009: Pyromineralisation of soil phosphorus in a South African savanna. Chemical Geology267, 24-31.
82.
Hernandez-Hernandez, R.M., Ramirez, E., Castro, I. and Cano, S.2008: Changes in quality indicators of hillside soils reforested with pines (Pinus caribaea) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus robusta). Agrociencia42, 253-66.
83.
Hiernaux, P., Diarra, L., Trichon, V., Mougin, E., Soumaguel, N. and Baup, F.2009: Woody plant population dynamics in response to climate changes from 1984 to 2006 in Sahel (Gourma, Mali). Journal of Hydrology375, 103-13.
84.
Higgins, S.I., Bond, W.J., Trollope, W.S.W. and Williams, R.J.2008: Physically motivated empirical models for the spread and intensity of grass fires. International Journal of Wildland Fire17, 595-601.
85.
Hill, M.J., Averill, C., Jiao, Z., Schaaf, C.B. and Armston, J.D.2008: Relationship of MISR RPV parameters and MDIS BRDF shape indicators to surface vegetation patterns in an Australian tropical savanna . Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing34, S247-67.
86.
Hoffman, W.A. and Haridasan, M.2008: The invasive grass, Melinis minutiflora, inhibits tree regeneration in a neotropical savanna. Austral Ecology33, 29-36.
87.
Hoffman, W.A., Adasme, R., Haridasan, M., de Carvalho, M.T., Geiger, E.L., Pereira, M.A.B., Gotsch, S.G. and Franco, A.C.2009: Tree topkill, not mortality, governs the dynamics of savanna-forest boundaries under frequent fire in central Brazil. Ecology90, 1326-37.
88.
Holdo, R.M., Holt, R.D. and Fryxell, J.M.2009: Grazers, browsers, and fire influence the extent and spatial pattern of tree cover in the Serengeti. Ecological Applications19, 95-109.
89.
Igwe, C.A. and Agbatah, C.2008: Clay and silt dispersion in relation to some physiochemical properties of derived savanna soils under two tillage practices in southeastern Nigeria. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science58, 17-26.
90.
Ikeda, F.S., Mitja, D., Vilela, L. and Silva, J.C.S.2008: Seedbanks in cerrado sensu stricto under burning and cultivation system. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira43, 667-73.
91.
Iponga, D.M., Milton, S.J. and Richardson, D.M.2009: Soil type, microsite, and herbivory influence growth and survival of Schinus molle (Peruvian pepper tree) invading semi-arid African savanna. Biological Invasions11, 159-69.
92.
Jacobs, S.M., Bechtold, J.S., Biggs, H.C., Grimm, N.B., Lorentz, S., McClain, M.E., Naiman, R.J., Perakis, S.S., Pinay, G. and Scholes, M.C.2007: Nutrient vectors and riparian processing: a review with special reference to African semi-arid savanna ecosystems. Ecosystems10, 1231-49.
93.
Janos, D.P., Scott, J. and Bowman, D.M.J.S.2008: Temporal and spatial variation of fine roots in a northern Australian Eucalyptus tetrodonta savanna. Journal of Tropical Ecology24, 177-88.
94.
Jarlan, L., Balsamo, G., Lafont, S., Beljaars, A., Calvet, J.C. and Mougin, E.2008: Analysis of leaf area index in the ECMWF land surface model and impact on latent heat and carbon fluxes: application to West Africa . Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres113, D24117, DOI: 10.1029/2007JD009370.
95.
Kasongo, R.K., van Ranst, E., Verdoodt, A., Kanyankagote, P. and Baert, G.2009: Impact of Acacia auriculiformis on the chemical fertility of sandy soils on the Bateke plateau, DR Congo. Soil Use and Management25, 21-27.
96.
Khomo, L. and Rogers, K.H.2009: Stream order controls geomorphic heterogeneity and plant distribution in a savanna landscape. Austral Ecology34, 170-78.
97.
Klop, E. and Prins, H.H.T.2008: Diversity and species composition of West African ungulate assemblages: effects of fire, climate and soil. Global Ecology and Biogeography17, 778-87.
98.
Kone, A.W., Tondoh, J.E., Angui, P.K.T., Berhard-Reversat, F., Loranger-Merciris, G., Brunet, D. and Bredoumi, S.T.K.2008: Is soil quality improvement by legume cover crops a function of the initial soil chemical characteristics? Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems82, 89-105.
99.
Kounda-Kiki, C., Ponge, J.F., Mora, P. and Sarthou, C.2008: Humus profiles and successional development in a rock savanna (Nouragues inselberg, French Guiana): a micro-morphological approach infers fire as a disturbance agent. Pedobiologia52, 85-95.
100.
Kull, C.A. and Laris, P.2009: Fire ecology and fire politics in Mali and Madagascar . In Cochrane, M.A., editor, Tropical fire ecology: climate change, land use and ecosystem dynamics, Berlin: Springer, 171-226.
101.
Kutsch, W.L., Hanan, N., Scholes, B., McHugh, I., Kubheka, W., Eckhardt, H. and Williams, C.2008: Response of carbon fluxes to water relations in a savanna ecosystem in South Africa. Biogeosciences5, 1797-808.
102.
Laris, P.2008: An anthropogenic escape route from the ‘Gulliver Syndrome’ in the West African savanna. Human Ecology36, 789-805.
103.
LeBauer, D.S. and Treseder, K.K.2008: Nitrogen limitation of net primary production in terrestrial ecosystems is globally distributed. Ecology89, 371-79.
104.
Lehmann, C.E.R., Prior, L.D. and Bowman, D.M.J.S. 2009: Decadal dynamics of tree cover in an Australian tropical savanna. Austral Ecology34, 601-12.
105.
Levick, S.R., Asner, G.P., Kennedy-Bowdoin, T. and Knapp, D.E.2009: The relative influence of fire and herbivory on savanna three-dimensional vegetation structure. Biological Conservation142, 1693-700.
106.
Liao, J.D. and Boutton, T.W.2008: Soil microbial biomass response to woody plant invasion of grassland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry40, 1207-16.
107.
Lloyd, J., Bird, M.I., Vellen, L., Miranda, A.C., Veenendahl, E.M., Djagbletey, G., Miranda, H.S., Cook, G. and Farquhar, G.D.2008: Contributions of woody and herbaceous vegetation to tropical savanna ecosystem productivity: a quasi-global estimate. Tree Physiology28, 451-68.
108.
Lopez-Hernandez, D.2008: Biogeochemistry and cycling of zinc and copper in a dyked seasonally flooded savanna. Chemistry and Ecology24, 387-99.
109.
Maia, S.M.F., Ogle, S.M., Cerri, C.E.P. and Cerri, C.C.2009: Effect of grassland management on soil carbon sequestration in Rondonia and Mato Grosso states, Brazil. Geoderma149, 84-91.
110.
Mantlana, K.B., Arneth, A., Veenendahl, E.M., Wohland, P., Wolski, P., Kolle, O. and Lloyd, J.2008a: Seasonal and inter-annual photosynthetic response of representative C-4 species to soil water content and leaf nitrogen concentration across a tropical seasonal floodplain. Journal of Tropical Ecology24, 201-13.
111.
Mantlana, K.B., Arneth, A., Veenendaal, E.M., Wohland, P., Wolski, P., Kolle, O., Wagner, M. and Lloyd, J.2008b: Photosynthetic properties of C-4 plants growing in an African savanna/wetland mosaic. Journal of Experimental Botany59, 3941-52.
112.
McHenry, M.T., Wilson, B.R., Lockwood, P.V., Guppy, C.N., Sindel, B.M., Tighe, M.K., Growns, I.O. and Lemon, J.M.2009: The impact of individual Callitris glaucophylla (white cypress pine) trees on agricultural soils and pastures of the north-western slopes of NSW, Australia. Rangeland Journal31, 321-28.
113.
Merbold, L., Ardo, J., Arneth, A., Scholes, R.J., Nouvellon, Y., de Grandcourt, A., Archibald, S., Bonnefond, J.M., Boulain, N., Brueggemann, N., Bruemmer, C., Cappelaere, B., Ceschia, E., El-Khidir, H.A.M., El-Tahir, B.A., Falk, U., Lloyd, J., Kergoat, L., Le Dantec, V., Mougin, E., Muchinda, M., Mukelabai, M.M., Ramier, D., Roupsard, O., Timouk, F., Veenendahl, E.M. and Kutsch, W.L.2009: Precipitation as driver of carbon fluxes in 11 African ecosystems. Biogeosciences6, 1027-41.
114.
Meyer, K.M., Wiegand, K. and Ward, D.2009: Patch dynamics integrate mechanisms for savanna tree-grass coexistence . Basic and Applied Ecology10, 491-99.
115.
Miettinen, J. and Liew, S.C.2009: Burn-scar patterns and their effect on regional burnt-area mapping in insular south-east Asia. International Journal of Wildland Fire18, 837-47.
116.
Miranda, H.S., Sato, M.N., Neto, W.N. and Aires, F.S.2009: Fires in the cerrado, the Brazilian savanna. In Cochrane, M.A., editor, Tropical fire ecology: climate change, land use, and ecosystem dynamics, Berlin: Springer, 427-50.
117.
Mitchard, E.T.A., Saatchi, S.S., Gerard, F.F.Lewis, S.L. and Meir, P.2009: Measuring woody encroachment along a forest-savanna boundary in Central Africa. Earth Interactions13(8), 1-29.
118.
Moe, S.R., Mobaek, R. and Narmo, A.K.2009: Mound building termites contribute to savanna vegetation heterogeneity . Plant Ecology202, 31-40.
119.
Moncrieff, G.R., Kruger, L.M. and Midgeley, J.J.2008: Stem mortality of Acacia nigrescens induced by the synergistic effects of elephants and fire in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Journal of Tropical Ecology24, 655-62.
120.
Moussa, A.S., van Rensburg, L., Kellner, K. and Bationo, A.2009: Exploring differences of soil quality as related to management in semiarid rangelands in the western Bophirima district, North West province, South Africa . African Journal of Range and Forage Science26, 27-36.
121.
Muchiru, A.N., Western, D. and Reid, R.S.2009: The impact of abandoned pastoral settlements on plant and nutrient succession in an African savanna ecosystem. Journal of Arid Environments73, 322-31.
122.
Munhoz, C.B.R. and Felfili, J.M.2008: Phytosociology of the herb-subshrub layer of a moist grassland community in central Brazil. Acta Botanica Brasilica22, 905-13.
123.
Munhoz, C.B.R., Felfili, J.M. and Rodrigues, C.2008: Species-environment relationship in the herbsubshrub layer of a moist savanna site, Federal District, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology68, 25-35.
124.
Myers, R.L.2009: Fire in tropical pine ecosystems. In Cochrane, M.A., editor, Tropical fire ecology: climate change, land use, and ecosystem dynamics, Berlin: Springer, 557-605.
125.
Neto, M.S., Piccolo, M.D., Scopel, E., da Costa, C., Cerri, C.C. and Bernoux, M.2009: Total soil carbon and chemical attributes under different land uses in the Brazilian savanna. Acta Scientiarum - Agronomy31, 709-17.
126.
Nicholas, A.M.M., Franklin, D.C. and Bowman, D.M.J.S. 2009: Coexistence of shrubs and grass in a semi-arid landscape: a case study of mulga (Acacia aneura, Mimosaceae) shrublands embedded in a fire-prone spinifex (Triodia pungens, Poaceae) hummock grasslands. Australian Journal of Botany57, 396-405.
127.
Obi, J.C. and Ogunkunle, A.O.2009: Influence of termite infestation on the spatial variability of soil properties in the Guinea savanna region of Nigeria. Geoderma148, 357-63.
128.
Okin, G.S., Mladenov, N., Wang, L., Cassel, D., Caylor, K.K., Ringrose, S. and Macko, S.A.2008: Spatial patterns of soil nutrients in two southern African savannas. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences113, G02011, DOI: 10.1029/ 2007JG000584.
129.
Parr, C.L. and Andersen, A.N.2008: Fire resilience of ant assemblages in long-unburnt savanna of northern Australia. Austral Ecology33, 830-38.
130.
Pekin, B.K., Boer, M.M., Macfarlane, C. and Grierson, P.F.2009: Impacts of increased fire frequency and aridity on eucalypt forest structure, biomass and composition in southwest Australia. Forest Ecology and Management258, 2136-42.
131.
Pinheiro, M.H.O. and Monteiro, R.2008: Floristics of a seasonal semideciduous forest from a forest-savanna ecotone in Bauru Municipality, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Acta Botanica Brasilica22, 1085-94.
132.
Prior, L.D., Murphy, B.P. and Russell-Smith, J.2009: Environmental and demographic correlates of tree recruitment and mortality in north Australian savannas. Forest Ecology and Management257, 66-74.
133.
Quesada, C.A., Hodnett, M.G., Breyer, L.M., Santos, A.J.B., Andrade, S., Miranda, H.S., Miranda, A.C. and Lloyd, J.2008: Seasonal variations in soil water in two woodland savannas of central Brazil with different fire history. Tree Physiology28, 405-15.
134.
Radford, I.J., Grice, A.C., Abbott, B.N., Nicholas, D.M. and Whiteman, L.2008: Impacts of changed fire regimes on tropical riparian vegetation invaded by an exotic vine. Austral Ecology33, 151-67.
135.
Reed, D.N., Anderson, T.M., Dempewolf, J., Metzger, K. and Serneels, S.2009: The spatial distribution of vegetation types in the Serengeti ecosystem: the influence of rainfall and topographic relief on vegetation patch characteristics . Journal of Biogeography36, 770-82.
136.
Ries, L.P. and Shugart, H.H.2008: Nutrient limitations on understory grass productivity and carbon assimilation in an African woodland savanna. Journal of Arid Environments72, 1423-30.
137.
Riginos, C. and Grace, J.B.2008: Savanna tree density, herbivores, and the herbaceous community: bottom-up vs. top-down effects. Ecology89, 2228-38.
138.
Riginos, C., Grace, J.B., Augustine, D.J. and Young, T.P.2009: Local versus landscape-scale effects of savanna trees on grasses. Journal of Ecology97, 1337-45.
139.
Roberts, G., Wooster, M.J. and Lagoudakis, E.2009: Annual and diurnal African biomass burning temporal dynamics. Biogeosciences6, 849-66.
140.
Robinson, T.P., van Klinken, R.D. and Metternicht, G.2008: Spatial and temporal rates and patterns of mesquite (Prosopis species) invasion in Western Australia. Journal of Arid Environments72, 175-88.
141.
Roitman, I., Felfili, J.M. and Rezende, A.V.2008: Tree dynamics of a fire-protected cerrado sensu strictu surrounded by forest plantations, over a 13-year period (1991-2004) in Bahia, Brazil. Plant Ecology197, 255-67.
142.
Rossatto, D.R. and Kolb, R.M.2009: An evergreen neotropical savanna tree (Gochnatia polymorpha, Asteraceae) produces different dry- and wet-season leaf types. Australian Journal of Botany57, 439-43.
143.
Rossatto, D.R., Hoffman, W.A. and Franco, A.C.2009: Differences in growth patterns between co-occurring forest and savanna trees affect the forest-savanna boundary. Functional Ecology23, 689-98.
144.
Rossiter-Rachor, N.A., Setterfield, S.A., Douglas, M.M., Hutley, L.B. and Cook, G.D.2008: Andropogon gayanus (Gamba grass) invasion increases fire-mediated nitrogen losses in the tropical savannas of northern Australia. Ecosystems11, 77-88.
145.
Ruckamp, D., Amelung, W., Borma, L.D., Naval, L.P. and Martius, C.2009: Carbon and nutrient leaching from termite mounds inhabited by primary and secondary termites. Applied Soil Ecology43, 159-62.
146.
San Jose, J., Montes, R., Grace, J. and Nikonova, N.2008: Land-use changes alter CO2 flux patterns of a tall-grass Andropogon field and a savanna woodland continuum in the Orinoco lowlands . Tree Physiology28, 437-50.
147.
Sankaran, M., Ratnam, J. and Hanan, N.2008: Woody cover in African savannas: the role of resources, fire and herbivory. Global Ecology and Biogeography17, 236-45.
148.
Santos, J.P., Araujo, E.L. and Albuquerque, U.P.2008: Richness and distribution of useful woody plants in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. Journal of Arid Environments72, 652-63.
149.
Savadogo, P., Tigabu, M., Sawadogo, L. and Oden, P.C.2009: Examination of multiple disturbances effects on herbaceous vegetation communities in the Sudanian savanna-woodland of West Africa. Flora204, 409-22.
150.
Savadogo, P., Tiveau, D., Sawadogo, L. and Tigabu, M.2008: Herbaceous species responses to long-term effects of prescribed fire, grazing and selective tree cutting in the savanna-woodlands of West Africa. Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics1, 179-95.
151.
Scholz, F.G., Bucci, S.J., Goldstein, G., Moreira, M.Z., Meinzer, F.C., Domec, J.C., Villalobos-Vega, R., Franco, A.C. and Miralles-Wilhelm, F.2008: Biophysical and life history determinants of hydraulic lift in neotropical savanna trees. Functional Ecology22, 773-86.
152.
Schutz, A.E.N., Bond, W.J. and Cramer, M.D.2009: Juggling carbon: allocation patterns of a dominant tree in a fire-prone savanna. Oecologia160, 235-46.
153.
Scott, K.A., Setterfield, S.A., Andersen, A.N. and Douglas, M.M.2009: Correlates of grass-species composition in a savanna woodland in northern Australia. Australian Journal of Botany57, 10-17.
154.
Senna, M.C.A., Costa, M.H. and Pires, G.F.2009: Vegetation-atmosphere-soil nutrient feedbacks in the Amazon for different deforestation scenarios. Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres114, D04104, DOI: 10.1029/2008JD010401.
155.
Seymour, C.L. and Huyser, O.2008: Fire and the demography of camelthorn (Acacia erioloba Meyer) in the southern Kalahari - evidence for a bonfire effect? African Journal of Ecology46, 594-601.
156.
Shararn, G.J., Sinclair, A.R.E., Turkington, R. and Jacob, A.L.2009: The savanna tree Acacia polyacantha facilitates the establishment of riparian forests in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Journal of Tropical Ecology25, 31-40.
157.
Siljander, M.2009: Predictive fire occurrence modelling to improve burned area estimation at a regional scale: a case study in East Caprivi, Namibia. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation11, 380-93.
158.
Silva, D.M. and Batalha, M.A.2008: Soil-vegetation relationships in cerrados under different fire frequencies. Plant Soil311, 87-96.
159.
Silva, H.G., de Figueiredo, N. and Andrade, G.V.2008: Vegetation structure of a cerradao, and the regional heterogeneity of the cerrado in Maranhão, Brazil. Revista Arvore32, 921-30.
160.
Silva, I.A. and Batalha, M.A.2008: Species convergence into life-forms in a hyperseasonal cerrado in central Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology68, 329-39.
161.
Silva, I.A. and Batalha, M.A.2009: Co-occurrence of tree species at fine spatial scale in a woodland cerrado, southeastern Brazil. Plant Ecology200, 277-86.
162.
Silva, I.A., Valentini, M.W. and Silva-Matos, D.M.2009: Fire effects on the population structure of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam (Rutaceae) in a Brazilian savanna. Brazilian Journal of Biology69, 813-18.
163.
Silva, L.C.R., Sternberg, L., Haridasan, M., Hoffman, W.A., Miralles-Wilhelm, F. and Franco, A.C.2008: Expansion of gallery forests into central Brazilian savannas . Global Change Biology14, 2108-18.
164.
Silva, L.G., Mendes, I.D., Reis, F.B., Fernandes, M.F., de Melo, J.T. and Kato, E.2009: Physical, chemical and biological attributes of a cerrado Oxisol under different forest species. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira44, 613-20.
165.
Singh, J.S., Singh, D.P. and Kashyap, A.K.2009: A comparative account of the microbial biomass-N and N-mineralisation of soils under natural forest, grassland and crop field from dry tropical region, India. Plant Soil and Environment55, 223-30.
166.
Sousa-Souto, l., Schoereder, J.H., Schaefer, C.E.G.R. and Silva, W.L.2008: Ant nests and soil nutrient availability: the negative impact of fire. Journal of Tropical Ecology24, 639-46.
167.
Swemmer, A.M. and Knapp, A.K.2008: Defoliation synchronizes aboveground growth of co-occurring C-4 grass species. Ecology89, 2860-67.
168.
Tchabi, A., Coyne., Hountondji, F., Lawouin, L., Wiemken, A. and Oehl, F.2008: Arbuscular mycorrizal fungal communities in sub-Saharan savannas of Benin, West Africa, as affected by agricultural land use intensity and ecological zone. Mycorriza18, 181-95.
169.
’t Mannetje, L., Amézquita, M.C., Buurman, P. and Ibrahim, M.A., editors 2008: Carbon sequestration in tropical grassland ecosystems. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers.
170.
Treydte, A.C., van Beeck, F.A.L., Ludwig, F. and Heitkoenig, I.M.A.2008: Improved quality of beneath-canopy grass in South African savannas: local and seasonal variation. Journal of Vegetation Science19, 663-70.
171.
Tripathi, N. and Singh, R.S.2009: Influence of different land uses on soil nitrogen transformations after conversion from an Indian dry tropical forest. Catena77, 216-23.
172.
Tripathi, S.K., Kushwaha, C. and Singh, K.P.2008: Tropical forest and savanna ecosystems show differential impact of N and P additions on soil organic matter and aggregate structure . Global Change Biology14, 2572-81.
173.
Vadrevu, K.P., Badarinath, K.V.S. and Anuradha, E.2008: Spatial patterns in vegetation fires in the Indian region . Environmental Monitoring and Assessment147, 1-13.
174.
Valenti, M.W., Cianciaruso, M.V. and Batalha, M.A.2008: Seasonality of litterfall and leaf decomposition in a cerrado site. Brazilian Journal of Biology68, 459-65.
175.
van der Waal, C., de Kroon, H., de Boer, W.F., Heitkonig, I.M.A., Skidmore, A.K., de Knegt, H.J., van Langevelde, F., van Wieren, S.E., Grant, R.C., Page, B.R., Slotow, R., Kohi, E.M., Mwakiwa, E. and Prins, H.H.T.2009: Water and nutrients alter herbaceous competitive effects on tree seedlings in a semi-arid savanna. Journal of Ecology97, 430-39.
176.
van der Werf, G.R., Randerson, J.T., Giglio, L., Gobron, N. and Dolman, A.J.2008: Climate controls on the variability of fires in the tropics and subtropics. Global Biogeochemical Cycles22, GB3028, DOI: 10.1029/ 2007GB003122.
177.
Vasconceles, H.L., Araujo, B.B. and Mayhe-Nunes, A.J.2008a: Patterns of diversity and abundance of fungus-growing ants (Formicidae: Attini) in areas of the Brazilian cerrado. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia25, 445-50.
178.
Vasconceles, H.L., Leite, M.F., Vilhena, J.M.S., Lima, A.P. and Magnusson, W.E.2008b: Ant diversity in an Amazonian savanna: relationship with vegetation structure, disturbance by fire and dominant ants. Austral Ecology33, 221-31.
179.
Veenendaal, E.M., Mantlana, K.B., Pammenter, N.W., Weber, P.,Huntsman-Mapila, P. and Lloyd, J.2008: Growth form and seasonal variation in leaf gas exchange of Colophospermum mopane savanna trees in northwest Botswana. Tree Physiology28, 417-24.
180.
Vermote, E., Ellicott, E., Dubovik, O., Lapyonok, T., Chin, M., Giglio, L. and Roberts, G.J.2009: An approach to estimate global biomass burning emissions of organic and black carbon from MODIS fire radiative power. Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres114, D18205, DOI: 10.1029/2008JD011188.
181.
Viergever, K.M., Woodhouse, I.H. and Stuart, N.2008: Monitoring the world’s savanna biomass by earth observation. Scottish Geographical Journal124, 218-25.
182.
Vigilante, T., Murphy, B.P. and Bowman, D.M.J.S.2009: Aboriginal fire use in Australian tropical savannas: ecological effects and management lessons. In Cochrane, M.A., editor, Tropical fire ecology: climate change, land use, and ecosystem dynamics, Berlin: Springer, 113-41.
183.
Waldram, M.S., Bond, W.J. and Stock, W.D.2008: Ecological engineering by a mega-grazer: white rhino impacts on a South African savanna. Ecosystems11, 101-12.
184.
Wang, L., d’Odorico, P., Manzoni, S., Porporato, A. and Macko, S.2009a: Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in southern African savannas: the effect of vegetation-induced patch-scale heterogeneities and large scale rainfall gradients. Climatic Change94, 63-76.
185.
Wang, L., d’Odorico, P., Okin, G.S. and Macko, S.A.2009b: Isotope composition and anion chemistry of soil profiles along the Kalahari Transect. Journal of Arid Environments73, 480-86.
186.
Wang, L.X., Okin, G.S., Caylor, K.K. and Macko, S.A.2009c: Spatial heterogeneity and sources of soil carbon in southern African savannas. Geoderma149, 402-408.
187.
Wang, L.X., Okin, G.S. and Macko, S.A.2009d: Satellite prediction of soil delta C-13 distributions in a southern African savanna. Journal of Geochemical Exploration102, 137-41.
188.
Wick, B. and Tiessen, H.2008: Organic matter turnover in light fraction and whole soil under silvopastoral land use in semiarid northeast Brazil. Rangeland Ecology and Management61, 275-83.
189.
Wigley, B.J., Cramer, M.D. and Bond, W.J.2009: Sapling survival in a frequently burnt savanna: mobilization of carbon reserves in Acacia karroo. Plant Ecology203, 1-11.
190.
Williams, M., Ryan, C.M., Sarnbane, E., Femando, J. and Grace, J.2008: Carbon sequestration and biodiversity of re-growing miombo woodlands in Mozambique. Forest Ecology and Management254, 145-55.
191.
Williams, P.R.2009: Contrasting demographics of tropical savanna and temperate forest eucalypts provide insights into how savannas and forests function. A case study using Corymbia clarksoniana from north-eastern Australia. Austral Ecology34, 120-31.
192.
Woods, W.I., Teixeira, W.G., Lehmann, J., Steiner, C., Winklerprins, A. and Rebellato, L.2009: Kayapo savanna management: fire, soils, and forest islands in a threatened biome. In Hecht, S.B. , editor, Amazonian dark earths: Wim Sombroeks’s vision , Berlin: Springer, 143-62.
193.
Yaro, D.T., Kparmwang, T., Raji, B.A. and Chude, V.O.2008: Extractable micronutrients status of soils in a plinthitic landscape at Zaria, Nigeria. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis39, 2484-99.
194.
Yates, C.P., Edwards, A.C. and Russell-Smith, J.2008: Big fires and their ecological impacts in Australian savannas: size and frequency matters. International Journal of Wildland Fire17, 768-81.
195.
Zhang, Y.J., Meinzer, F.C., Hao, G.Y., Scholz, F.G., Bucci, S.J., Takahashi, F.S.C., Villalobos-Vega, R., Giraldo, J.P., Cao, K.F., Hoffman, W.A. and Goldstein, G.2009: Size-dependent mortality in a neotropical savanna tree: the role of height-related adjustments in hydraulic architecture and carbon allocation . Plant Cell and Environment32, 1456-66.
196.
Zimmermann, J., Higgins, S.I., Hoffman, J., Munkemuller, T. and Linstadter, A.2008: Recruitment filters in a perennial grassland: the interactive roles of fire, competitors, moisture and seed availability. Journal of Ecology96, 1033-44.
197.
Zribi, M., Parde, M., de Rosnay, P., Baup, F., Boulain, N., Descroix, L., Pellarin, T., Mougin, E., Ottle, C. and Decharme, B.2009: ERS scatterometer surface soil moisture analysis of two sites in the south and north of the Sahel region of West Africa. Journal of Hydrology375, 253-61.
