Sea levels: change and variability during warm intervals

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Alley, R. B. , Clark, P. U. , Huybrechts, P. and Joughin, I. 2005: Ice-sheet and sea-level changes . Science 310, 456-460 .

Antonioli, F. , Ferranti, L. and Kershaw, S. 2006a: A glacial isostatic adjustment origin for double MIS 5.5 and Holocene marine notches in the coastline of Italy . Quaternary International 145-146, 19-29 .

Antonioli, F. , Kershaw, S. , Renda, P. , Rust, D. , Belluomini, G. , Cerasoli, M. , Radtke, U. and Silenzi, S. 2006b: Elevation of the last interglacial highstand in Sicily (Italy): a benchmark of coastal tectonics . Quaternary International 145-146, 3-18 .

Bard, E. , Hamelin, B. , Arnold, M. , Montaggioni, L. , Cabioch, G. , Faure, G. and Rougerie, F. 1996: Deglacial sea-level record from Tahiti corals and the timing of global meltwater discharge . Nature 382, 241-244 .

Bard, E. , Hamelin, B. , Fairbanks, R. G. and Zindler, A. 1990: Comparison of 14C and Th ages obtained by mass spectrometry in corals from Barbados. Implications for sea level during the last glacial cycle and for the production of 14C by cosmic rays during the last 30,000 years . Nature 345, 405-410 .

Barnett, T. P. , Pierce, D. W. , Achuta Rao, K. M. , Glecker, P. J. , Santer, B. D. , Gregory, J. M. and Washington, W. M. 2005: Penetration of human-induced warming into the world’s oceans . Science 309, 284-287 .

Bassett, S. E. , Milne, G. A. , Mitrovica, J. X. and Clark, P. U. 2005: Ice sheet and solid Earth influences on far-field sea-level histories . Science 309, 925-928 .

Bates, M. R. , Keen, D. H. and Lautrodou, J.-P. 2003: Pleistocene marine and periglacial deposits of the English Channel . Journal of Quaternary Science 18, 319-337 .

Bates, M. R. , Parfitt, S. A. and Roberts, M. B. 1997: The chronology, palaeogeography, and archaeological significance of the marine Quaternary record of the West Sussex Coastal Plain, southern England, UK . Quaternary Science Reviews 16, 1227-1252 .

10.

Bindschadler, R. 2006: Hitting the ice sheets where it hurts . Science 311, 1720-1721 .

11.

Bintanja, R. , van de Wal, R. S. W. and Oerlemans, J. 2005: Modelled atmospheric temperatures and global sea levels the past million years . Nature 437, 125-128 .

12.

by Toscano and Macintyre (Coral Reefs 22 (2003), 257-270 ).

13.

Blanchon, P. and Eisenhauer, A. 2001: Multi-stage reef development on Barbados during the last interglacial . Quaternary Science Reviews 20, 1093-1112 .

14.

Blanchon, P. and Perry, C. T. 2004: Taphonomic differentiation of Acropora palmata facies in cores from Campeche-Bank Reefs, Gulf of Mexico . Sedimentology 51, 53-76 .

15.

Blanchon, P. and Shaw, J. 1995: Reef drowning during the last deglaciation: evidence for catastrophic sea-level rise and ice-sheet collapse . Geology 23, 4-8 .

16.

Camoin, G. F. , Montaggioni, L. F. and Braithwaite, C. J. R. 2004: Late glacial to post glacial sea levels in the Western Indian Ocean . Marine Geology 206, 119-146 .

17.

Chappell, J. and Polach, H. 1991: Post-glacial sea-level rise from a coral record at Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea . Nature 349, 147-149 .

18.

Chiu, T.-C. , Fairbanks, R. G. , Mortlock, R. A. , Cao, L. , Fairbanks, T. W. and Bloom, A. L. 2006: Redundant 230Th/234U/238U, 231Pa/235U and 14C dating of fossil corals for accurate radiocarbon age calibration . Quaternary Science Reviews, 25, 2431-2440 .

19.

Church, J. A. and White, N. J. 2006: A 20th century acceleration in global sea-level rise . Geophysical Research Letters 33, L01602-L01602 .

20.

Church, J. A. , White, N. J. , Coleman, R. , Lambeck, K. and Mitrovica, J. X. 2004: Estimates of the regional distribution of sea-level rise over the 1950 to 2000 period . Journal of Climate 17, 2609-2625 .

21.

Church, J. A. , White, N. J. and Hunter, J. R. 2006: Sea-level rise at tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean islands . Global and Planetary Change, 53, 155-163 .

22.

Coutard, S. , Lautridou, J.-P. , Rhodes, E. and Clet, M. 2006: Tectonic, eustatic and climatic significance of raised of raised beaches of Val de Saire, Cotentin, Normandy, France . Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 595-611 .

23.

Cutler, K. B. , Edwards, R. L. , Taylor, F. W. , Cheng, H. , Adkins, J. , Gallup, C. D. , Cutler, P. M. , Burr, G. S. and Bloom, A. L. 2003: Earth and Planetary Science Letters 206, 253-271 .

24.

Davis, C. H. , Li, Y. , McConnell, J. R. , Frey, M. M. and Hanna, E. 2005: Snowfall-driven growth in East Antarctica ice sheet mitigates recent sea-level rise . Science 308, 1898-1901 .

25.

Domack, E. , Duran, D. , Leventer, A. , Ishman, S. , Doane, S. , McCallum, S. , Amblas, D. , Ring, J. , Gilbert, R. and Prentice, M. 2005: Stability of the Larsen B ice shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula during the Holocene epoch . Science 436, 681-685 .

26.

Dowdeswell, J. A. 2006: The Greenland Ice Sheet and global sea-level rise . Science 311, 963-964 .

27.

Dumas, B. , Hoang, C. T. and Raffy, J. 2006: Record of MIS 5 sea-level highstands based on U/Th dated coral terraces of Haiti . Quaternary International 145-146, 106-118 .

28.

Edwards, R. J. 2005: Sea levels: abrupt events and mechanisms of change . Progress in Physical Geography 29, 599-608 .

29.

Ekström, G. , Nettles, M. and Tsai, V. C. 2006: Seasonality and increasing frequency of greenland glacial earthquakes . Science 311, 1756-1758 .

30.

Esat, T. M. , McCulloch, M. T. , Chappell, J. , Pillans, B. and Omura, A. 1999: Rapid fluctuations in sea level recorded at Huon Peninsula during the penultimate deglaciation . Science 283, 197-201 .

31.

Fairbanks, R. G. 1989: A 17,000 year glacio-eustatic sea level record: influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep ocean circulation . Nature 342, 637-642 .

32.

Fairbanks, R. G. , Mortlock, R. A. , Chiu, T.-C. , Cao, L. , Kaplan, A. , Guilderson, T. P. , Fairbanks, T. W. , Bloom, A. L. , Grootes, P. M. and Nadeau, M.-J. 2005: Radiocarbon calibration curve spanning 0 to 50,000 years BP based on paired 230Th/234U/238U and 14C dates on pristine corals . Quaternary Science Reviews 24, 1781-1796 .

33.

Federici, P. R. and Pappalardo, M. 2006: Evidence of Marine Isotope Stage 5.5 highstands in Liguria (Italy) and its tectonic significance . Quaternary International 145-146, 68-77 .

34.

Ferranti, L. , Antonioli, F. , Mauz, B. , Amorosi, A. , Dai Pra G. , Mastronuzzi, G. , Monaco, C. , Orrù, P. , Pappalardo, M. , Radtke, U. , Renda, P. , Romano, P. , Sansò, P. and Verrubbi, V. 2006: Markers of the last interglacial sea-level high stand along the coast of Italy: tectonic implications . Quaternary International 145-146, 30-54 .

35.

Fletcher, C. H. and Murray-Wallace, C. V. 2002: Coastal environmental change during sea-level high-stands . Sedimentary Geology 150, 1-2 .

36.

and their response in Coral Reefs 24 (2005), 187-190 .

37.

Hanebuth, T. , Stattegger, K. and Grootes, P. M. 2000: Rapid flooding of the Sunda Shelf: a late-glacial sea-level record . Science 288, 1033-1035 .

38.

Hegerl, G. C. and Bindoff, N. L. 2005: Warming the world’s oceans . Science 309, 254-255 .

39.

Henderson, G. M. 2005: Coral clues to rapid sea-level change . Science 308, 361-362 .

40.

Henderson, G. M. , Robinson, L. F. , Cox, K. and Thomas, A. L. 2006: Recognition of non-Milankovitch sea-level highstands at 185 and 343 thousand years ago from U-Th dating of Bahamas sediment . Quaternary Science Reviews, in press.

41.

Johannessen, O. M. , Khvorostovsky, K. , Miles, M. W. and Bobylev, L. P. 2005: Recent ice-sheet growth in the interior of Greenland . Science 310, 1013-1016 .

42.

Joughin, I. 2006: Greenland rumbles louder as glaciers accelerate . Science 311, 1719-1720 .

43.

Joughin, I. , Abdalati, A. and Fahnestock, M. 2004: Large fluctuations in speed on Greenland’s Jakobshavn Isbræ glacier . Nature 432, 608-610 .

44.

Kench, P. S. , McLean, R. F. and Nichol, S. L. 2005a: New model of reef-island evolution: Maldives, Indian Ocean . Geology 33, 145-148 .

45.

by Mörner et al. (Global and Planetary Change 40 (2004), 177-182 ).

46.

Kennedy, D. and Hanson, B. 2006: Ice and history . Science 311, 1673-1673 .

47.

Kennedy, D. M. and Woodroffe, C. D. 2002: Fringing reef growth and morphology: a review . Earth Science Reviews 57, 255-277 .

48.

Kuzmina, S. I. , Bengtsson, L. , Johannessen, O. M. , Drange, H. , Bobylev, L. P. and Miles, M. W. 2005: The North Atlantic Oscillation and greenhouse-gas forcing . Geophysical Research Letters 32, L04703-L04703 .

49.

Lambeck, K. 2002: Sea level change from mid Holocene to Recent time: an Australian example with global implications. In Ice sheets, sea level and the dynamic earth, Geodynamic Series volume 29, Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union , 33-50.

50.

Lambeck, K. and Bard, E. 2000: Sea-level change along the French Mediterranean coast for the past 30,000 years . Earth and Planetary Science Letters 175, 203-222 .

51.

Lambeck, K. and Purcell, A. 2005: Sea-level change in the Mediterranean Sea since the LGM: model predictions for tectonically stable areas . Quaternary Science Reviews 24, 1969-1988 .

52.

Lambeck, K. , Antonioli, F. , Purcell, A. and Silenzi, S. 2004: Sea-level change along the Italian coast for the past 10,000 years . Quaternary Science Reviews 23, 1567-1598 .

53.

Lane, S. N. 2005: Editorial: Deadening environmental space . Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS 30, 4-7 .

54.

Lisiecki, L. E. and Raymo, M. E. 2005: A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records . Palaeoceaonography 20-20 , DOI:10.1029/2004PA001071.

55.

Long, A. J. 2000: Late Holocene sea-level change and climate . Progress in Physical Geography 24, 415-423 .

56.

Long, A. J. 2001: Mid-Holocene sea-level change and coastal evolution . Progress in Physical Geography 25, 399-408 .

57.

Long, A. J. 2003: The coastal strip: sea-level change, coastal evolution and land-ocean correlation . Progress in Physical Geography 27, 423-434 .

58.

Long, A. J. , Murray-Wallace, C. and Morhange, C. 2002: Sea-level changes and neotectonics: an introduction . Journal of Quaternary Science 17, 385-386 .

59.

Marshall, S. J. 2005: Recent advances in understanding ice sheet dynamics . Earth and Planetary Science Letters 240, 191-204 .

60.

Maslin, M. A. and des Clers, S. A. 2005: Editorial: Enlightenment in four dimensions . Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 30, 267-270 .

61.

Mastronuzzi, G. , Sansò, P. , Murray-Wallace, C. V. and Shennan, I. 2005: Quaternary coastal morphology and sea-level changes -an introduction . Quaternary Science Reviews 24, 1963-1968 .

62.

Miller, K. G. , Kominz, M. A. , Browning, J. V. , Wright, J. D. , Mountain, G. S. , Katz, M. E. , Sugarman, P. J. , Cramer, B. S. , Christie-Blick, N. and Pekar, S. F. 2005: The Phanerozoic record of global sea-level change . Science 310, 1293-1298 .

63.

Mitrovica, J. X. and Milne, G. A. 2002: On the origin of late Holocene sea-level highstands within equatorial ocean basins . Quaternary Science Reviews 21, 2179-2190 .

64.

Montaggioni, L. F. 2005: History of Indo-Pacific coral reef systems since the last glaciation: development patterns and controlling factors . Earth Science Reviews 71, 1-75 .

65.

Morhange, C. and Pirazzoli, P. A. 2005: Mid-Holocene emergence of southern Tunisian coasts . Marine Geology 220, 205-213 .

66.

Morhange, C. , Laborel, J. and Hesnard, A. 2001: Changes of relative sea level during the past 5000 years in the ancient harbour of Marseilles, southern France . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 166, 319-329 .

67.

Morhange, C. , Marriner, N. , Laborel, J. , Todesco, M. and Oberlin, C. 2006: Rapid sea-level movements and noneruptive crustal deformations in the Phlegrean Fields caldera, Italy . Geology 34, 93-96 .

68.

Morner, N.-A. , Tooley, M. and Possnert, G. 2004: New perspectives for the future of the Maldives . Global and Planetary Change 40, 177-182 .

69.

Murray-Wallace, C. V. 2002: Pleistocene coastal stratigraphy, sea-level highstands and neotectonism of the southern Australian passive continental margin -a review . Journal of Quaternary Science 17, 469-489 .

70.

Murray-Wallace, C. V. , Schnack, E. J. and Orford, J. 2003: Introduction to IGCP 437 special issue . Marine Geology 194, 1-2 .

71.

Osborn, T. J. 2004: Simulating the winter North Atlantic Oscillation: the roles of internal variability and greenhouse gas forcing . Climate Dynamics 22, 605-623 .

72.

Otto-Bliesner, B. L. , Marshall, S. J. , Overpeck, J. T. , Miller, G. H. , Hu, A. and CAPE Last Interglacial Project members 2006: Simulating Arctic climate warmth and icefield retreat in the last interglaciation . Science 311, 1751-1753 .

73.

Overpeck, J. T. , Otto-Bliesner, B. L. , Miller, G. H. , Muhs, D. R. , Alley, R. B. and Kiehl, J. T. 2006: Paleoclimate evidence for future ice-sheet instability and rapid sea-level rise . Science 311, 1747-1750 .

74.

Patel, S. S. 2006: A sinking feeling . Nature 440, 734-736 .

75.

Payne, A. J. , Vieli, A. , Shephard, A. , Wingham, D. J. and Rignot, E. 2004: Recent dramatic thinning of largest West Antarctic ice stream triggered by oceans . Geophysical Research Letters 31, L23401-L23401 .

76.

Peltier, W. R. 2002: On eustatic sea level history: Last Glacial Maximum to Holocene . Quaternary Science Reviews 21, 377-396 .

77.

Pirazzoli, P. A. 2005: A review of possible eustatic, isostatic and tectonic contributions in eight late-Holocene relative sea-level histories from the Mediterranean area . Quaternary Science Reviews 24, 1989-2001 .

78.

Potter, E. K. , Esat, T. Z , Schellmann, G. , Radtke, U. , Lambeck, K. and McCulloch, M. T. 2004: Suborbital-period sea-level oscillations during marine isotope substages 5a and 5c . Earth and Planetary Science Letters 225, 191-204 .

79.

Radtke, U. , Schellmann, G. and Murray-Wallace, C. V. 2004: Preface: Coastal environmental change during sea-level highstands, IGCP 437 Symposium, Barbados . Quaternary International 120, 1-1 .

80.

Radtke, U. , Schellmann, G. , Scheffers, A. , Kelletat, D. , Kaspar, H. U. and Kromer, B. 2003: Electron spin resonance and radiocarbon dating of coral deposited by Holocene tsunami events on Curaçao, Bonaire and Aruba (Netherlands Antilles) . Quaternary Science Reviews 22, 1309-1315 .

81.

Raper, S. C. B. and Braithwaite, R. J. 2006: Low sea level rise projections from mountain glaciers and ice-caps under global warming . Nature 439, 311-313 .

82.

by T.-C. Chiu et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews 24 (2005) 1797-1808 ).

83.

Rignot, E. and Kanagaratnam, P. 2006: Changes in the velocity structure of the Greenland ice sheet . Science 311, 986-990 .

84.

Rinterknecht, V. R. , Clark, P. U. , Raisbeck, G. M. , Yiou, F. , Bitinas, A. , Brook, E. J. , Marks, L. , Zelçs, V. , Lunkka, J.-P. , Pavlovskaya, I. E. , Piotrowski, J. A. and Raukas, A. 2006: The last deglaciation of the southeastern sector of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet . Science 311, 1449-1452 .

85.

Ruddiman, W. F. 2003: Orbital insolation, ice volume, and greenhouse gases . Quaternary Science Reviews 22, 1597-1629 .

86.

Schellman, G. and Radtke, U. 2004: A revised morpho- and chronostratigraphy of the Late and Middle Pleistocene coral reef terraces on Southern Barbados (West Indies) . Earth Science Reviews 64, 157-187 .

87.

Schellmann, G. , Radtke, U. , Potter, E.-K. , East, T. M. and McCulloch, M. T. 2004: Comparison of ESR and TIMS U/Th dating of marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e, 5c, and 5a coral from Barbados -implications of palaeo sea-level changes in the Caribbean . Quaternary International 120, 41-50 .

88.

Shennan, I. and Horton, B. P. 2002: Holocene land- and sea-level changes in Great Britain . Journal of Quaternary Science 17, 511-526 .

89.

Shephard, A. , Wingham, D. , Payne, T. and Skvarca, P. 2003: Larsen Ice Shelf has progressively thinned . Science 302, 865-869 .

90.

Sidall, M. 2005: The riddle of the sediments . Nature 437, 39-41 .

91.

Sidall, M. , Rohling, E. J. , Almogi-Labin, A. , Hemleben, C. , Meischner, D. , Schmelzer, I. and Smeed, D. A. 2003: Sea level fluctuations during the last glacial cycle . Nature 423, 853-858 .

92.

Smith, D. E. 2005: Evidence for secular sea surface level changes in the Holocene raised shorelines of Scotland, UK . Journal of Coastal Research 42, 26-42 .

93.

Smithers, S. G. and Woodroffe, C. D. 2000: Microatolls as sea-level indicators on a mid-ocean atoll . Marine Geology 168, 61-78 .

94.

Smithers, S. G. and Woodroffe, C. D. 2001: Coral microatolls and 20th century sea level in the eastern Indian Ocean . Earth and Planetary Science Letters 191, 173-184 .

95.

Tarasov, L. and Peltier, W. R. 2005: Arctic freshwater forcing of the Younger Dryas cold reversal . Nature 435, 662-665 .

96.

Thompson, W. G. and Goldstein, S. L. 2005: Open-system coral ages reveal persistent suborbital sea-level cycles . Science 308, 401-404 .

97.

Thompson, W. G. , Spiegelman, M. W. , Goldstein, S. L. and Speed, R. C. 2003: An open-system model for U-series age determinations of fossil corals . Earth and Planetary Science Letters 210, 365-381 .

98.

Toscano, M. A. and Macintyre, I. G. 2003: Corrected western Atlantic sea-level curve for the last 11,000 years based on calibrated 14C dates from Acropora palmate framework and intertidal mangrove peat . Coral Reefs 22, 257-270 .

99.

by Blanchon (Coral Reefs 24 (2005), 183-186 ).

100.

and their response in Coral Reefs 24 (2005).

101.

Vaughan, D. G. 2005: How does the Antarctic ice sheet affect sea level rise? Science 308, 1877-1888 .

102.

Velicogna, I. and Wahr, J. 2006: Measurements of time-variable gravity show mass loss in Antarctica . Science 311, 1754-1756 .

103.

Walker, M. 2005: Quaternary dating methods. Chichester: Wiley , 286-286 pp.

104.

Webster, J. M. , Clague, D. A. , Braga, J. C. , Spalding, H. , Renema, W. , Kelley, C. , Applegate, B. , Smith, J. R. , Paull, C. K. , Moore, J. G. and Potts, D. 2006: Drowned coralline algal dominated deposits off Lanai, Hawaii; carbonate accretion and vertical tectonics over the last 30 ka . Marine Geology 225, 223-246 .

105.

Westaway, R. , Bridgland, D. and White, M. 2006: The Quaternary uplift history of central southern England: evidence from the terraces of the Solent River system and nearby raised beaches . Quaternary Science Reviews, 25, 2212-2250 .

106.

Wigley, T. M. L. 2005: The climate change commitment . Science 307, 1766-1769 .

107.

Woodroffe, C. 1993: Sea level . Progress in Physical Geography 17, 359-368 .

108.

Woodroffe, C. 1994: Sea level . Progress in Physical Geography 18, 436-451 .

109.

Woodroffe, C. and Nash, D. 1995: Sea level . Progress in Physical Geography 19, 391-398 .

110.

Woodroffe, C. D. 2005: Late Quaternary sea-level highstands in the central and eastern Indian Ocean: a review . Global and Planetary Change 49, 121-138 .

111.

Woodworth, P. L. 2005: Have there been large recent sea level changes in the Maldive Islands? Global and Planetary Change 49, 1-18 .

112.

Yokoyama, Y. , Lambeck, K. , De Deckker, P. , Johnston, P. and Fifield, L. K. 2000: Timing of the Last Glacial Maximum from observed sea-level minima . Nature 406, 713-716 .

113.

Zazo, C. , Goy, J. L. , Dabrio, C. J. , Bardají, T. , Hillaire-Marcel, C. , Ghaleb, B. , González-Delgado, J.-A. and Soler, V. 2003: Pleistocene raised marine terraces of the Spanish Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts: record of coastal uplift, sea-level high-stands and climate changes . Marine Geology 194, 103-133 .

114.

Zwally, H. J. , Abdalati, W. , Herring, T. , Larson, K. , Saba, J. and Steffen, K. 2002: Surface melt-induced acceleration of Greenland ice-sheet flow . Science 297, 218-222 .