Savannas

Alho, C.J.R. and Martins, E.S. 1995: De grão em grão, o cerrado perde espaço. Documento para discussão. Brazil: WWF/PRO-CER.

Asner, G. P. , Bateson, C. A. , Privette, J. L. , El Saleous, N. and Wessman, C. A. 1998: Estimating vegetation structural effects on carbon uptake using satellite data fusion and inverse modelling. Journal of Geophysical Research -Atmospheres 103, 28 839-28 853.

Christopher, S. A. , Wang, M. , Berendes, T. A. , Welch, R. M. and Yang, S. K. 1998: The 1985 biomass burning season in South America: satellite remote sensing of fires, smoke, and regional radiative energy budgets. Journal of Applied Meteorology 37, 661-678.

De Mazancourt, C. , Loreau, M. and Abbadie, L. 1999: Grazing optimization and nutrient cycling: potential impact of large herbivores in a savanna system. Ecological Applications 9, 784-797.

Desanker, P. V. 1996: Development of a miombo woodland dynamics model in Zambezian Africa using Malawi as a case study. Climatic Change 34, 279-288.

Desanker, P. V. and Prentice, I. C. 1994: MIOMBO -a vegetation dynamics model for the miombo woodlands of Zambezian Africa. Forest Ecology and Management 69, 87-95.

Dwyer, E. , Gregoire, J. M. and Malingreau, J. P. 1998: A global analysis of vegetation fires using satellite images: spatial and temporal dynamics. Ambio 27, 175-181.

Ehrlich, D. , Lambin, E. F. and Malingreau, J. P. 1997: Biomass burning and broad-scale land-cover changes in western Africa. Remote Sensing of Environment 61, 201-209.

Franca, H. and Setzer, A. W. 1998: AVHRR temporal analysis of a savanna site in Brazil. International Journal of Remote Sensing 19, 3127-3140.

Hochberg, M. E. , Menaut, J. C. and Gignoux, J. 1994: The influences of tree biology and fire in the spatial structure of the west African savanna. Journal of Ecology 82, 217-226.

Hudak, A. T. and Wessman, C. A. 1998: Textural analysis of historical aerial photography to characterize woody plant encroachment in South African savanna. Remote Sensing of Environment 66, 317-330.

Jeltsch, F. , Milton, S. J. , Dean, W. R. J. and van Rooyen, N. 1996: Tree spacing and coexistence in semiarid savannas. Journal of Ecology 84, 583-595.

Jeltsch, F. , Milton, S. J. , Dean, W. R. J. and van Rooyen, N. 1997a: Analysing shrub encroachment in the southern Kalahari: a grid-based modelling approach. Journal of Applied Ecology 34, 1497-1508.

Jeltsch, F. , Milton, S. J. , Dean, W. R. J. and van Rooyen, N. 1997b: Simulated pattern formation around artificial waterholes in the semi-arid Kalahari. Journal of Vegetation Science 8, 177-188.

Jeltsch, F. , Milton, S. J. , Dean, W .R. J. , van Rooyen, N. and Moloney, K. A. 1998: Modelling the impact of small-scale heterogeneities on tree-grass coexistence in semi-arid savannas. Journal of Ecology 86, 78093-78093.

Jeltsch, F. , Moloney, K. and Milton, S. J. 1999: Detecting process from snapshot pattern: lessons from tree spacing in the southern Kalahari. Oikos 85, 451-466.

Kaufman, Y. J. , Hobbs, P. V. , Kirchhoff, V. W. J. H. , Artaxo, P. , Remer, L. A. , Holben, B. N. , King, M. D. , Ward, D. E. , Prins, E. M. , Longo, K. M. , Mattos, L. F. , Nobre, C. A. , Spinhirne, J. D. , Ji, Q. , Thompson, A. M. , Gleason, J. F. , Christopher, S. A. and Tsay, S. C. 1998a: Smoke, Clouds, and Radiation -Brazil (SCAR-B) experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research -Atmospheres 103, 31 783-31 808.

Kaufman, Y. J. , Kleidman, R. G. and King, M. D. 1998b: SCAR-B fires in the tropics: properties and remote sensing from EOS-MODIS. Journal of Geophysical Research -Atmospheres 103, 31 955-31 968.

LeRoux, X. , Gauthier, H. , Begue, A. and Sinoquet, H. 1997: Radiation absorption and use by humid savanna grassland: assessment using remote sensing and modelling. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 85, 117-132.

Liousse, C. , Dulac, F. , Cachier, H. and Tanre, D. 1997: Remote sensing of carbonaceous aerosol production by African savanna biomass burning. Journal of Geophysical Research -Atmospheres 102, 5895-5911.

Ludwig, J. 1991: SHRUBKILL: a decision support system for management burns in Australian savannas. In Werner, P. A. , editor, Savanna ecology and management. Australian perspectives and intercontinental comparisons, Oxford: Blackwell, 203-206.

MacLeod, N. D. and Ludwig, J. A. 1991: Using BurnEcon to evaluate the economics of fire management in semi-arid woodlands, eastern Australia. Journal of Environmental Management 33, 65-77.

Menaut, J. C. , Gignoux, J. , Prado, C. and Clobert, J. 1991: Tree community dynamics in a humid savanna of the Côte d’Ivoire: modelling the effects of fire and competition with grass and neighbours. In Werner, P. A. , editor, Savanna ecology and management. Australian perspectives and intercontinental comparisons, Oxford: Blackwell, 127-137.

Mistry, J. 1998a: Corticolous lichens as potential bioindicators of fire history: a study in the cerrado of the Distrito Federal, central Brazil. Journal of Biogeography 25, 409-441.

Mistry, J. 1998b: A preliminary Lichen Fire History (LFH) Key for the cerrado of the Distrito Federal, central Brazil. Journal of Biogeography 25, 443-452.

Mistry, J. 1998c: Decision-making for fire use among farmers in the savannas of central Brazil. Journal of Environmental Management 54, 321-334.

O’Neill, A. L. , Head, L. M. and Marthick, J. K. 1993: Integrating remote sensing and spatial analysis techniques to compare Aboriginal and pastoral fire patterns in the East Kimberley, Australia. Applied Geography 13, 67-85.

Palmer, A. R. and van Rooyen, A. F. 1998: Detecting vegetation change in the southern Kalahari using Landsat TM data. Journal of Arid Environments 39, 143-153.

Pivello, V. R. and Norton, G. A. 1996: FIRETOOL: an expert system for the use of prescribed fires in Brazilian savannas. Journal of Applied Ecology 33, 348-356.

Prince, S. D. , Brown de Colstoun, E. and Kravitz, L. L. 1998: Evidence from rain-use efficiencies does not indicate extensive Sahelian desertification. Global Change Biology 4, 359-374.

Prins, E. M. and Menzel, W. P. 1994: Trends in South American biomass burning detected with the GOES visible infrared spin scan radiometer atmospheric sounder from 1983 to 1991. Journal of Geophysical Research -Atmospheres 99, 16 719-16 735.

Ringrose, S. , Vanderpost, C. and Matheson, W. 1996: The use of integrated remotely sensed and GIS data to determine causes of vegetation cover change in southern Botswana. Applied Geography 16, 225-242.

Russell-Smith, J. , Lucas, D. , Gapindi, M. , Gunbunuka, B. , Kapirigi, N. , Namingum, G. , Lucas, K. , Giuliani, P. and Chaloupka, G. 1997a: Aboriginal resource utilisation and fire management practice in western Arnhem Land, monsoonal northern Australia: notes for prehistory, lessons for the future. Human Ecology 25, 159-195.

Russell-Smith, J. , Ryan, P. G. and Durieu, R. 1997b: A LANDSAT MSS-derived fire history of Kakadu National Park, monsoonal northern Australia, 1980-94: seasonal extent, frequency and patchiness. Journal of Applied Ecology 34, 748-766.

Salami, A. T. 1999: Vegetation dynamics on the fringes of lowland humid tropical rainforest of south-western Nigeria -an assessment of environmental change with air photos and Landsat TM. International Journal of Remote Sensing 20, 1169-1181.

Scholes, R. J. , Kendall, J. and Justice, C. O. 1996: The quantity of biomass burned in southern Africa. Journal of Geophysical Research -Atmospheres 101, 23 667-23 676.

Scholes, R. J. and Scholes, M. C. 1997: Applications of biogeochemical modelling in southern Africa. Progress in Physical Geography 21, 102-112.

Stafford Smith, D. M. and Foran, B. D. 1991: RANGEPACK: the philosophy underlying the development of a microcomputer-based decision support system for pastoral land management. In Werner, P. A. , editor, Savanna ecology and management. Australian perspectives and intercontinental comparisons, Oxford: Blackwell, 197-202.

Stuth, J. W. and Stafford Smith, M. 1993: Decision support for grazing lands: an overview. In Stuth, J. W. and Lyons, B. G. , editors, Decision support systems for the management of grazing lands. Emerging issues. Man and the Biosphere Series. Volume 11, Paris: UNESCO, 1-35.

Weber, G. E. , Jeltsch, F. , VanRooyen, N. and Milton, S. J. 1998: Simulated long-term vegetation response to grazing heterogeneity in semi-arid rangelands. Journal of Applied Ecology 35, 687-699.