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Brokensha, D. , Warren, D.M. and Werner, O. editors, 1980: Indigenous knowledge and development. Washington: University Press of America.

Franke, R.W. and Chasin, B.H. 1980: Seeds of famine - ecological destruction and the development dilemma in the West African Sahel. Montclair , New Jersey: Allanheld, Osmun .

Hopen, C. 1958: The pastoral Fulbe family in Gwandu. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Richards, P. 1985: Indigenous agricultural revolution. London: Hutchinson.

Smith, M.G. 1967: A Hausa Kingdom: Maradi under Dan Baskore, 1854-75 . In West African kingdoms in the nineteenth century, Forde, D. and Kaberry, P.M. , editors, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Watts, M. 1980: A silent revolution: the changing character of food production in northern Nigeria. PhD thesis, University of Michigan .

1983 : Silent violence: food, famine and peasantry in northern Nigeria . Berkeley: University of California .