National city-size distributions

Ahmad, Q.S. 1967: Distribution of city sizes in Pakistan. Pakistan Geographical Review 22, 77-85.

Aitchison, J. and Brown, J.A.C. 1957: The lognormal distribution. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

Allen, G.R.D. 1954: The 'courbe des populations': a further analysis . Oxford University, Bulletin of statistics 16, 179-89.

Amiran, D.H.K. and Shahar, A. 1961: Towns of Israel. Geographical Review 51, 348-69.

Auerbach, F. 1913: Das gesetz de bevolkungskonzentration. Petermann's Geographische Mitteilungen 59, 73-76.

Baker, A.R.H. 1969: Reversal of the rank-size rule: some nineteenth century rural settlement sizes in France. Professional Geographer 21, 386-92.

Beckmann, M. 1958: City hierarchies and distribution of city size . Economic Development and Cultural Change 6, 243-48.

Beckmann, M. and McPherson, J.C. 1970: City-size distribution in a central place hierarchy: an alternative approach. Journal of Regional Science 10, 25-33.

Beguin, H. 1979: Urban hierarchy and the rank-size distribution . Geographical Analysis 11, 149-64.

Bell, G. 1962: Change in city-size distribution in Israel. Ekistics 13, 103.

Berry, B.J.L. 1961: City-size distributions and economic development . Economic Development and Cultural Change 9, 573-87.

1971 : City-size distribution and economic development: conceptual synthesis and policy problems with special reference to south and southeast Asia. In Jakobson, L. and Prakash, V., editors, Urbanization and national development, Beverly Hills: Sage , 111-56.

Berry, B.J.L. and Garrison, W.L. 1958: Alternative explanations of urban rank-size relationships . Annals of the Association of American Geographers 48, 83-91.

Berry, B.J.L. and Kasarda, J. 1977: Contemporary urban ecology. New York : Macmillan.

Boal, F.W. and Johnson, D.B. 1969: The rank-size curve: a diagnostic tool? Professional Geographer 17, 21-23.

Boulding, K.S. 1968: The city as an element in the international system . Daedalus 97, 1111-23.

Browning, H.L. 1958: Recent trends in Latin American urbanization. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 316, 111-20.

Browning, H.L. and Gibbs, J.P. 1961; Some measures of demographic and spatial relationships among cities. In Gibbs, J.P., editor, Urban research methods, Princeton: Van Nostrand, 436-61.

Carroll, G.R. 1979: Rank-size distributions: do many formulas lead to the same curve? Sociology Department, Stanford University, unpublished paper. (12pp.)

Champernowne, D.G. 1953: A model of income distribution. Economic Journal 63, 318-51.

Chase-Dunn, C.K. 1978: World division of labor and the development of city systems: a longitudinal cross-national study. Johns Hopkins University , unpublished manuscript.

Chisholm, M. 1979: The urban rank-size rule, stochastic processes and urban scale economics. South African Geographer 7, 21-26.

Christaller, W. 1966: Central places in southern Germany (translated by C. Baskin) . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Cliff, A.D. and Robson, B.T. 1978: Changes in the size distribution of settlements in England and Wales, 1801-1968. Environment and Planning A 10, 163-71.

Curry, L. 1964: The random spatial economy: an exploration in settlement theory. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 54, 138-46.

Dacey, M.F. 1966: Population of places in a central place hierarchy . Journal of Regional Science9 6, 27-33.

1979: A growth process for Zipf's and Yule's city-size laws . Environment and Planning A 11, 361-72.

Davies, R.L. 1969: A note on centrality and population size. Professional Geographer 21, 108-112.

Davis, E. and Swanson, J.G. 1972: On the distribution of city growth rates in a theory of regional economic growth. Economic Development and Cultural Change 20, 495-503.

Davis, K. and Golden, H.H. 1954: Urbanization and the development of pre-industrial areas . Economic Development and Cultural Change 20, 495-503.

Duncan, O.D. and Reiss, A.J. 1956: Social characteristics of urban and rural communities 1950. New York: Wiley.

Dziewonski, K. 1964: Urbanization in contemporary Poland. Geographia Polonica 3,37-56.

Edel, M. 1972: Land values and the cost of urban congestion: measurement and distribution. In Political Economy of Environment, Paris: Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes , 61-90.

Elahi, K.M. 1972: Urbanization in Bangladesh: a geodemographic study . The Oriental Geographer 16, 1-15.

El Shaks, S. 1972: Development, primacy and systems of cities. Journal of Developing Areas 7, 11-36.

Evans, A.W. -1972: The pure theory of city size in an industrial economy. Urban Studies 9, 49-77.

Fano, P. 1969: Organization, city-size distributions and central places . Papers of the Regional Science Association 22, 29-38.

Fowler, G.L. 1973: Development of city-size distributions for the Egyptian urban system 1897-1960. Professional Geographer 24, 317-20.

Friedmann, J. 1973: Urbanization, planning and national development . Los Angeles: Sage.

1978 : The spatial organization of power in the development of urban systems. In Bourne, L.S. and Simmons, J.W., editors, Systems of cities , New York: Oxford University Press , 328-40.

Friedmann, J. and Wulff, R. 1976: The urban transition: comparative studies of newly industrializing societies. Progress in Geography 8, 1-93.

Ginsburg, N. 1955: The great city in southeast Asia. American Journal of Sociology 60, 455-62.

Goodrich, E.P. 1926: The statistical relationship between population and the city plan. In Burgess, E.W., editor, The urban community, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 144-50.

Gunawardena, K.A. 1964: Service centres in southern Ceylon. University of Cambridge, unpublished PhD thesis.

Haggett, P. 1964: Locational analysis in human geography. London: Edward Arnold.

Haran, E.G.P. and Vining, D. 1973: A modified Yule-Simon model allowing for intercity migration and accounting for the observed form of the size distribution of cities. Journal of Regional Science 13, 421-37.

1974: On the implications of a stationary urban population for the size distribution of cities. Geographical Analysis 6, 296-308.

Hardoy, J. 1967: The social, economic and political role of urban agglomerations in Argentina. In Urban agglomeration in the states of the third world, International Institute of Differing Civilizations , 484-502.

Harris, C.D. 1970: Cities in the Soviet Union: studies in their size, function and growth. Chicago: Rand McNally .

Harris, W.D. 1971: The growth of Latin American cities. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.

Hauser, P.M. editor, 1957: Urbanization in Asia and the Far East. Calcutta: UNESCO.

Hawley, A. 1971: Urban society: an ecological approach. New York: Ronald.

Hoover, E.M. 1954: The concept of a system of cities: a comment on Rutledge Vining's paper. Economic and Cultural Change 3, 196-98.

Hoselitz, B. 1955: Generative and parasitic cities. Economic Development and Cultural Change 3, 278-94.

Hoyt, H. 1951: Is city growth controlled by mathematics of physical laws ? Land Economics 24, 260-62.

Ihiri, Y. and Simon, H.A. 1977: Skew distributions and the sizes of business firms . Amsterdam: North-Holland.

Jefferson, M. 1939: The law of the primate city. Geographical Review 29, 226-32.

Johnston, R.J. 1971: On the progression from primacy to rank-size in an urban system: the deviant case of New Zealand. Area 3, 180-84.

1977: Regarding urban origins, urbanization and urban patterns . Geography 62, 1-8.

Jones, E. 1966: Towns and cities. Oxford: Oxford University Press,

Kapetyn, J.C. 1903: Skew frequency curves in biology and statistics . Gronigen: Noordhoff.

Lagopoulos, A.P. 1971: Rank-size and primate distributions in Greece. Ekistics 32, 380-86.

Lampard, E. 1954: The history of cities in economically advanced areas. Economic Development and Cultural Change 3, 6-26.

Lasuen, J.R. , Lorca, A. and Oria, J. 1967: City-size distribution and economic growth. Ekistics 24, 221-26.

Linsky, A.S. 1965: Some generalizations concerning primate cities . Annals of the Association of American Geographers 55, 506-13.

Lösch, A. 1954: The economics of location (translation). New Haven: Yale University Press.

Lotka, A.J. 1925: Elements of physical biology. Baltimore : Williams and Wilkins.

Madden, C.H. 1955: On some indications of stability in the growth of cities in the US. Economic Development and Cultural Change 4, 236-52.

1957: Some temporal aspects of the growth of cities in the US . Economic Development and Cultural Change 6, 143-70.

Malecki, E.J. 1975: Examining change in rank-size systems of cities . Professional Geographer 24, 43-47.

1980: Growth and change in the analysis of rank-size distributions: empirical findings. Environment and Planning A 12, 41-52.

Mandelbrot, B. 1965: A class of long-tailed probability distributions and the empirical distribution of city sizes. In Massarik, F. and Ratoosh, P., editors, Mathematical explorations in behavioral sciences, Homewood, Illinois: Irwin, 322-32.

Martin, G.J. 1961: The law of primate cities re-examined. The Journal of Geography 60, 165-172.

McGreevey, W.P. 1971: A statistical analysis of primacy and lognormality in the size distribution of Latin American cities, 1750-1960. In Morse, R.M. , editor, The urban development of Latin America, Stanford: Center for Latin American Studies, 116-29.

Mehta, S.K. 1964: Some demographic and economic correlates of primate cities: a case for reevaluation. Demography 1, 136-47.

Mera, K. 1973: On the urban agglomeration and economic efficiency . Economic Development and Cultural Change 21. 309-24.

Moore, F.T. 1958: A note on city-size distributions. Economic Development and Cultural Change 7, 465-66.

Morse, R.M. 1968: Latin American cities: aspects of function and structure . Comparative Studies in Society and History 4, 473-93.

Okabe, A. 1977: Some reconsiderations of Simon's city-size distribution model. Environment and Planning A. 9, 1043-53.

Olsson, G. 1967: Central place systems, spatial interaction and stochastic processes. Papers of the Regional Science Association 18, 13-45.

Owen, C. and Witton, R. 1973: National division and mobilization: a reinterpretation of primacy. Economic Development and Cultural Change 21, 325-37.

Parr, J.B. 1969: City hierarchies and the distribution of city size: a reconsideration of Beckmann's contribution. Journal of Regional Science 9, 239-54.

1970: Models of city size in an urban system. Papers of the Regional Science Association 25, 221-52.

1976: A class of deviations from rank-size regularity: three interpretations. Regional Studies 10, 285-92.

Parr, J.B. , Denike, K.G. and Mulligan, G. 1975: City-size models and the economic base: a recent controversy . Journal of Regional Science 15, 1-8.

Parr, J.B. and Suzuki, K. 1973: Settlement populations and the lognormal distribution . Urban Studies 10, 335-52.

Popov, V. 1974: Investigations of the system of urban places of Crimea Oblast. Soviet Geography: Review and Translations 15, 19-22.

Pryor, R. 1973: The changing settlement system of West Malaysia . Journal of Tropical Geography 37, 53-67.

Quandt, R.E. 1965: Statistical discriminations among alternative hypotheses and some economic regularities. Journal of Regional Science 5, 1-23.

Rashevsky, N. 1943: Contribution to the theory of human relations: outline of a mathematical theory of the size of cities. Phychometrika 8, 87-90.

Richardson, H.W. 1973: The economics of urban size. Westmead : Saxon House.

Rogers, A. 1966: A markovian policy model of interregional migration . Papers of the Regional Science Association 17, 205-24.

Rosen, K. and Resnick, M. 1980: The size distribution of cities: an examination of the Pareto law and primacy. Journal of Urban Economics 8, 165-86.

Rosing, K.E. 1966: A rejection of the Zipf (rank-size rule) model in relation to city size. Professional Geographer 182, 75-82.

Schacher, A.S. 1971 : Israel's development towns, evaluation of national urbanization policy. Journal of the American Institute of Planners 37, 362-73.

Schuessler, K. 1973: Ratio variables and path models. In Goldberger, A. and Duncan, O., editors, Structural equation models in the social sciences , New York: Seminar Press, 201-28.

Schwirian, K.P. , Bromley, D.G. , Gibbs, J.P. , Guest, A.M. , Jibou, R.M. , La Greca, A.J. , Michelson, W. , Smith, R.A. and Weller, R.H. 1977: Contemporary topics in urban sociology. Morristown: General Learning Press.

Schwirian, K.P. and Smith, R.K. 1974: Primacy, modernization and urban structure: the ecology of Puerto Rican cities. In Schwirian, K.P., editor, Comparative urban structure. Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath.

Singer, H.W. 1936: The 'courbe des populations': a parallel to Pareto's Law . Economic Journal 46, 254-63.

Sjoberg, G. 1963: The rise and fall of cities: a theoretical perspective . International Journal of Comparative Sociology 4, 107-20.

Sovani, N.V. 1964: The analysis of 'over-urbanization'. Economic Development and Cultural Change 12, 113-22.

Steindl, J. 1965: Random processes and the growth of firms. New York: Hafner.

Stewart, C.T. Jr 1958: The size and spacing of cities. Geographical Review 48, 222-45.

1960: Migration as a function of population and distance. American Sociological Review 25, 347-56.

Stewart, J.Q. 1947: Empirical mathematical rules concerning the distribution and equilibrium population. Geographical Review 37, 461-85.

Stinchcombe, A.S. 1968: Constructing social theories. New York : Harcourt, Brace and World.

Suarez-Villa, L. 1980: Rank-size distribution, city-size hierarchies and the Beckmann model: some empirical results. Journal of Regional Science 20, 91-97.

Thomas, E.N. 1967: Additional comments on population-size relationships for sets of cities. Quantitative Geography 13, 167-91.

Tinbergen, J. 1968: The hierarchy model of the size distribution of centres . Papers of the Regional Science Association 20, 65-68.

Vapnarsky, C.A. 1969: On rank-size distribution of cities: an ecological approach . Economic Development and Cultural Change 17, 584-95.

Vining, D. 1974: On the sources of instability in the rank-size rule: some simple tests of Gibrat's Law. Geographical Analysis 6, 313-29.

1976: Autocorrelated growth rates and the Pareto Law: a further analysis. Journal of Political Economy 84, 369-80.

1977: The rank-size rule in the absence of growth. Journal of Urban Economics 4, 15-29.

Vining, R. 1954: A description of certain spatial aspects of an economic system. Economic Development and Cultural Change 3, 147-95.

Volynskaya, L.B. and Matlin, I.E. 1973: A calculation of the relationship between size and rank of rural places. Soviet Geography: Review and Translation 14, 1974-77.

Ward, B. 1963: City structure and interdependence. Papers of the Regional Science Association 10, 207-21.

Weiss, H.K. 1961: The distribution of urban population and an application to a servicing problem. Operations Research 9, 860-74.

Woldenberg, M.J. and Berry, B.J.L. 1967: Rivers and central places: analogous systems? Journal of Regional Science 7, 129-39.

Wright, J.K. 1941: Certain changes in population distribution in the US. Geographical Review 31, 488-90.

Zipf, G.K. 1949: Human behavior and the principle of least effort . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley .