In the past six years both England and the USA have called for radical overhauls of their adoption systems. These include not only changes to service delivery but also increased monitoring and accountability in order to achieve national child welfare goals. Drawing upon a report examining international adoption policy and practice commissioned by the Cabinet Office for the Prime Minister's review of adoption, Julie Selwyn and Wendy Sturgess compare the problems identified in the two countries' looked after children systems and examine the early impact of the US legislation.
Adoption2002, ‘The President's initiative on adoption and foster care: guidelines for public policy and state legislation governing permanence for children’ (1999), online at www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/cb.
General Accounting Office, ‘Foster care states early experiences implementing the Adoption and Safe Families Act’ (1999), online athttp://www.gao.gov.
15.
IvaldiG., Surveying Adoption: A comprehensive analysis of local authority adoption 1998–1999 (England), London: BAAF, 2000.
16.
Illinois Department of Children and Family Services (2001), online at www.state.il.us./dcfs.
17.
LandsmanM.MaloneK.TylerM.BlackJ.GrozaV., The Permanency for Teens Project: Final report, Iowa City: University of Iowa, 1999.
18.
LoweN.MurchM.BorkowskiM.WeaverA.BeckfordV.ThomasC., Supporting Adoption: Reframing the approach, London: BAAF, 1999.
19.
MichaelsD.LevineC., ‘Estimates of the number of motherless youths orphaned by AIDS in the United States’, Journal of American Medical Association268, pp 3456–61, 1992.
20.
National Adoption Information Clearing House (2001), on line at www.calib.com/naic.
21.
Performance and Innovation Unit, Prime Minister's Review of Adoption, London: Cabinet Office, 2000.
ShiremanJ. F., ‘Adoptions by single parents’, in HansonS M HHeimsM. L.JulianD. J.SussmanM. B. (eds), Single-parent Families: Diversity, myths and realities, New York: The Haworth Press, 1995.
24.
SparK., ‘Foster care and adoption statistics: CRS report for Congress’, Handsnet7/97, 1997.
25.
Social Services Inspectorate (SSI), Modern Social Services — A commitment to deliver: 10th annual report of the Chief Inspector of Services 2000/2001, London: HMSO, 2001.
26.
SteinM.WadeJ., ‘Helping care leavers: Problems and strategic responses’, Report to the DETR (1999), available at www.localregions.detr.gov.uk/beacon.
27.
StevensonO., Neglected Children: Issues and dilemmas, Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1998.
28.
TataraT., Characteristics of Children in Substitute and Adoptive Care, Washington DC: American Public Welfare Association, 1993.
29.
ValiosN., ‘Running on empty’, Community Care, 9–15 August, pp 20–21, 2001.