Two recent studies by Glasgow researchers have highlighted the high level of emotional and behavioural difficulties experienced by looked after children. One was a survey of children entering the care system (Dimigen et al, 1999) while the other was a randomised controlled trial of a training programme for foster carers. The survey was carried out in Glasgow, while the trial was carried out across another part of the Central Belt of Scotland. Despite their different designs and geographical areas, the two studies came up with complementary results. Helen Minnis and Christina Del Priore synthesise these results in this paper and use them to argue that practitioners need to take a fresh look at mental health services for looked after children and at the assessments which should determine what these children need.