9/11 has been used in New York City politics to both explain the current fiscal crisis and justify certain economic development policies. Such use of 9/11 obscures the long-term historical roots of the current fiscal crisis, which in fact lie in the contradictions of the set of economic development policies implemented in the years since the city’s last major fiscal crisis in the mid-1970s.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Anderson, John E. and Robert E. Wassmer (2000) Bidding for Business: The Efficacy of Local Economic Development Incentives in a Metropolitan Area. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research .
2.
Arrighi, Giovanni (1994) The Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power, and the Origins of our Times. New York: Verso .
3.
Bagli, Charles V. (2002) ‘Bear, Stearns Threatens Again to Leave City and Seeks Third Set of Deals to Stay’, New York Times11 December: B3-B3.
4.
Baker, Al (2003) ‘Pataki Seeks Cuts in Aid to Schools and Health Care’, New York Times30 January: A1-A1.
5.
Barthes, Roland (1972) Mythologies. New York: Hill and Wang .
6.
Bingham, Richard D. and Robert Mier (eds) (1997) Dilemmas of Urban Economic Development: Issues in Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications .
7.
Bowles, Jonathan (2001a) Economic Development: An Overview. New York: Center for an Urban Future .
8.
Bowles, Jonathan (2001b) Payoffs for Layoffs. New York: Center for an Urban Future .
9.
Bram, Jason and James Orr (1999) ‘Can New York City Bank on Wall Street?’ , Current Issues in Economics and Finance Second District Highlights, Federal Reserve Bank of New York5(11): 1–5 .
10.
Brenner, Robert (2001) The Boom and the Bubble. London: Verso .
11.
Brown, M. (1992) ‘The Possibility of Local Autonomy’ , Urban Geography13: 257–279 .
Cardwell, Diane (2002) ‘City Hall Is a Beehive of Protests on the Budget’, New York Times21 November: B10-B10.
14.
Chiglitz, Benjamin (1961) ‘Contrasts in Agglomeration: New York and Pittsburgh’ , American Economic Review51(2): 279–289 .
15.
Citizens Budget Commission (2001) Managing the Budget in the Bloomberg Administration. New York: Citizens Budget Commission .
16.
City of New York (2002) Annual Report of Tax Expenditures: Fiscal Year 2002. New York: City of New York, Department of Finance, Office of Tax Policy .
17.
Cox, Kevin R. (1992) ‘The Local and the Global in the New Urban Politics: A Critical View’ , Environment and Planning D11: 433–448 .
18.
Defilippis, J. (1999) ‘Alternatives to the “New Urban Politics”: Finding Locality and Autonomy in Local Economic Development’ , Political Geography18: 973–990 .
19.
The Economist(1995) ‘Corporate Welfare: Come and Get it!’, The Economist23 September: 21-21.
20.
Eisinger, Peter K. (1988) The Rise of the Entrepreneurial State: State and Local Economic Development Policy in the United States. Madison, WI: University of Wiscons in Press.
21.
Eisinger, Peter K. (1998) ‘City Politics in an Age of Federal Devolution’ , Urban Affairs Review33: 308–325 .
22.
Fitch, Robert (1993) The Assassination of New York. New York: Verso .
23.
Freeman, Joshua (2000) Working-class New York: Life and Labor Since World War II. New York: The New Press .
24.
Gottdiener, Mark (1987) The Decline of Urban Politics: Political Theory and the Crisis of the Local State. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications .
25.
Hackworth, Jason (2002) ‘Local Autonomy, Bond-rating Agencies and Neoliberal Urbanism in the United States’ , International Journal of Urban and Regional Research26(4): 707–725 .
26.
Hampton, Ted (2002) Internet, accessed 24 July 2002, ‘Stock Losses Worry Bondholders: Rates of Return’ www.bloomberg.com.
27.
Harvey, David (2001) Spaces of Capital: Towards a Critical Geography. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press .
28.
Herbert, Bob (2003) ‘A Tough Crowd’, New York Times23 January: A25-A25.
29.
Kallick, David Dyssegard and James A. Parrott (2001) ‘Tax Breaks Won’t Help, Public Investment Will’, New York Daily News12 December.
30.
Katz, Celeste (2001) ‘City Economy Will Have Bear of a Time’, New York Daily News 16 November.
31.
Kennedy, Randy (2003) ‘Mass Transit Users Protest Proposed Increase in Fares’, New York Times6 February: B4-B4.
32.
Kirkpatrick, David D. (2000) ‘Street Addict’, New York Magazine1 May.
33.
Lake, R. (1994) ‘Negotiating Local Autonomy’ , Political Geography13: 423–442 .
34.
Leichter, Franz S. (1997) New York City Corporate Welfare: City Tax Incentives Granted by the Giuliani Administration a Failed and Foolish Policy. New York: Office of State Senator Franz S. Leichter .
35.
Lichten, Eric (1986) Class, Power, and Austerity: The New York City Fiscal Crisis. South Hadley, MA: Bergin and Garvey Publishers, Inc.
36.
Logan, John R. and Harvey L. Molotch (1987) Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place. Berkeley: University of California Press .
37.
Lowenstein, Ronnie (2002) ‘Market Volatility and Budget Uncertainty’, New York Times12 August: A15-A15.
38.
Magdoff, Harry (1969) The Age of Imperialism: The Economics of US Foreign Policy. New York: Modern Reader Paperbacks .
39.
Malanga, Steven (2001) ‘How to Rebuild New York’ , City Journal11(4): 10–21 .
Malanga, Steven (2002b) ‘New York is Unraveling’ , Wall Street Journal 25 November: 14-14 .
42.
McGuire, Therese (1992) ‘Review of Who Benefits from State and Local Development Policies?by Timothy J. Bartik’ , National Tax Journal45(4): 457–459 .
43.
Muschamp, Herbert (2002) ‘An Agency’s Ideology is Unsuited to Its Task’, New York Times17 July: B6-B6.
44.
Nader, Ralph and William Taylor (1986) The Big Boys: Power and Position in American Business. New York: Pantheon .
45.
New York City Independent Budget Office (2001) Full Disclosure? Assessing City Reporting on Business Retention Deals. New York: New York City Independent Budget Office .
46.
New York City Independent Budget Office (2002) ‘Despite Property Tax Increase Large 2004 Budget Gap Remains’, New York City Independent Budget Office Fiscal OutlookDecember.
47.
New York City Partnership (2001) Working Together to Accelerate New York’s Recovery: Economic Impact Analysis of the September 11th Attack on New York City. New York: New York City Partnership .
48.
New York City Partnership (2002) Internet, accessed 19 December 2002, ‘New York City Partnership and Chamber of Commerce Advocacy Agenda 2002’ http://www.nycp.org/advocacy/.
49.
New York Post(2002) ‘Taxing in the Dark’, 26 November.
50.
New York State Comptroller (1994) Internet, accessed 31 October 2002, ‘New York City Economic Development Corporation: Improvements Needed to Strengthen Industrial Development Program’ http://www.osc.state.ny.us/audits/allaudits/093095/a694.htm.
51.
New York Times(1975) ‘City Belt Tightening’, 28 March: 26-26.
52.
New York Times(2001a) ‘For Mark Green in the Runoff’, 10 October: A18-A18.
53.
New York Times(2001b) ‘A Looming New York Fiscal Crisis’, 3 October: A22-A22.
54.
New York Times(2001c) ‘Mr. Giuliani’s Risky Budget’, 26 April: A22-A22.
55.
New York Times(2001d) ‘The Next Mayor’s Job’, 4 October: A26-A26.
56.
Newfield, Jack and Paul DuBrul (1981) The Permanent Government: Who Really Runs New York? New York: The Pilgrim Press .
57.
O’Connor, James (2002[1973]) The Fiscal Crisis of the State. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers .
58.
Parker, R. Andrew (1982) ‘Local Tax Subsidies as a Stimulus for Development: Are They Cost Effective? Are They Equitable?’ , City Almanac16(5–6): 8–15 .
59.
Parrott, James A. (1999) Bolstering and Diversifying the New York City Economy. New York: The Century Foundation and the Center for Urban Research at CUNY Graduate Center .
60.
Pasanen, Glenn (2002a) Internet, accessed 31 October 2002, ‘9/11/01–02: Tricks of the Budget Bosses – in Education, the Deficit Problem, and Downtown Redevelopment’ http://www.gothamgazette.com/finance/91102.shtml.
Patton, D. Kenneth (2001) Economic Development in New York City. New York: The Center for Excellence in New York City Government .
63.
Peterson, Peter (1981) City Limits. Chicago: University of Chicago Press .
64.
Purnick, Joyce (2002a) ‘No Taxes, No Foul at the Garden’, New York Times21 November: B1-B1.
65.
Purnick, Joyce (2002b) ‘Your Taxes at Play... For the Knicks’, New York Times18 November: B1-B1.
66.
Rattner, Steven (2001) ‘What New York Will Have to Give Up’, New York Times28 November: A25-A25.
67.
Robbins, Sidney M. and Nestor E. Terleckyj (1960) Money Metropolis: A Locational Study of Financial Activities in the New York Region. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press .
68.
Rohatyn, Felix G. (2002) ‘From New York to Baghdad’, New York Review of Books21 November: 4–7.
69.
Sassen, Saskia (1991) The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press .
70.
Scott, Janny and Margery Connelly (2003) ‘Public Approval of Bloomberg Takes Sharp Drop’, New York Times17 January: A1-A1.
71.
Shefter, Martin (1992) Political Crisis/Fiscal Crisis: The Collapse and Revival of New York City. New York: Columbia University Press .
72.
Smith, Benjamin (2002) ‘City’s Problems Deemed Worse than the 1970s’, New York Sun18 November: 1–2.
73.
Solomon, L.D. (1976) ‘For New York, a Time of Testing as the Nation Looks On’, New York Times21 February: 20-20.
74.
Steinhauer, Jennifer (2003) ‘Despite Major Achievements Mayor Gets Scant Credit’, New York Times18 January: B1-B1.
75.
Stern, Michael (1974) ‘Danger of City Fiscal Crisis Deems Real, but Will Budget Retrenchment or New Taxes Resolve It?’, New York Times30 October: 27-27.
76.
Stetson, Damon (1975) ‘Study Urges the Right to Strike for Employees in Most City Jobs’, New York Times5 March.
77.
Stone, Clarence (1989) Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta 1946–1988. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press .
78.
Susser, Ida (1982) Norman Street, Poverty and Politics in an Urban Neighborhood. New York: Oxford University Press .
79.
Tabb, William K. (1982) The Long Default: New York City and the Urban Fiscal Crisis. New York: Monthly Review Press .
80.
Taylor, Leon (1997) ‘Can City Hall Create Private Jobs?’, in R.D. Bingham and R. Mier (eds) Dilemmas of Urban Economic Development: Issues in Theory and Practice, pp. 203–218. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications .
81.
Traub, James (2001) ‘No-fun City’, New York Times Magazine4 November: 37–42.
82.
Wallace, Mike (2002) A New Deal for New York. New York: Bell and Weiland Publishers/Gotham Center Books .
83.
Wyatt, Edward (2002) ‘Liberty Bonds to Finance New Brooklyn Offices’, New York Times10 September: B3-B3.
84.
Zukin, Sharon (1989) Loft Living: Culture and Capital in Urban Change. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press .
