A theoretical position accounting for the short-term effectiveness of occupational therapy is proposed, based on the sociobiological position that humans need exercise/activity. Predictions were evaluated using several forms of occupational therapy with long-term schizophrenic patients. Most areas of behaviour measured were improved on those days on which occupational therapy was included.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
ClarkBAWadeMGMasseyBHVanDykeR. Response of institutionalized geriatric mental patients to a 12-week program of regular physical activity. J Gerontol1975; 30(6): 565–73.
2.
TimmermanJ. Effectiveness of hydrogymnastics therapy in treating the acutely disturbed psychotic. J Assoc Physic Ment Rehab1954; 8(3): 192–4.
3.
BlaneyPH. The effectiveness of cognitive and behavioural therapies. In: RehnLP, ed. Behavioural therapy for depression. London: Academic Press, 1981: 333–89.
4.
GreistJHKleinMHEischensRRFarisJGurmanASMorganWP. Running as treatment for depression. Compr Psychiatry1979; 20(1): 41–54.
5.
LawrenceRM. Psychological aspects of exercise. In: BoveAALowenthalDT, eds. Exercise medicine: Physiological principles clinical applications. San Francisco: Academic Press, 1983: 154–73.
6.
FolkinsCHSimeWE. Physical fitness training and mental health. Am Psychol1981; 36(5): 373–89.
7.
OswaldI. The poor sleeper. Psychiatry Pract1982; 1(1): 8–13.
8.
HeideFIBorkovecTD. Relaxation-induced anxiety; mechanisms and theoretical implications. Behav Res Ther1984; 22(1): 1–12.
9.
BachmanJEFuquaRW. Management of inappropriate behaviours of trainable mentally impaired students using antecedent exercise. J Appl Behav Anal1983; 16(1): 477–84.
10.
MacdonaldEM. Occupational therapy in rehabilitation. London: Baillière Tindall, 1976.
11.
MoseyA. Model for occupational therapy. Occup Ther Ment Health1980; 1(1): 11–32.
12.
HarrisDV. Involvement in sport: A somatopsychic rationale for physical activity. Philadelphia: Lea Febiger, 1973.
13.
HeapsRA. Relating physical and psychological fitness: A psychological point of view. J Sports Med Phys Fitness1978; 18(3): 399–408.
14.
BanduraA. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behaviour change. Psychol Rev1977; 84(1): 191–215.
15.
BrownBJ. Effect of an isometric strength program on the intellectual and social development of trainable retarded males. Am Correct Ther J1977; 31(4): 44–8.
16.
OliverJN. Physical activity and psychological development of the handicapped. In: KaneJE, ed. Psychological aspects of physical education sport. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971; 25–44.
17.
SmithWCFigetakisN. Some effects of isometric exercise on muscular strength, body-image perception, and psychiatric symptomatology in chronic schizophrenics. Am Correct Ther J1970; 24(1): 100–4.
18.
JonesN BlurtonSiblyPM. Testing adaptiveness of culturally determined behaviour. In: JonesN BlurtonReynoldsV, eds. Human behaviour adaptation. London: Taylor Francis, 1978: 212–45.
19.
HarrisonMJS. Age and sex differences in the diet and feeding strategies of the green monkey, Cercopithecus sabaeus. Anim Behav1983; 31(7): 969–77.
20.
RissDCBusseCD. Fifty-day observation of a free-ranging adult male chimpanzee. Folia Primat1977; 28(3): 283–97.
21.
MarkowitzH. Behavioural enrichment in the zoo. New York: Van Nostrand Rinehold, 1982.
22.
ChamoveASAndersonJRMorgan-JonesSCJonesSP. Deep woodchip litter: Hygiene, feeding, and behavioural enhancement in eight primate species. Int J Study Anim Probl1982; 3(4): 308–18.
23.
AndersonJRChamoveAS. Allowing captive primates to forage. In: Standards in laboratory animal management: Symposium proceedings. Vol 2. Potters Bar: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, 1984: 253–7.
AndersonJRChamoveAS. Early social experience and the development of self-aggression in monkeys. Biol Behav1985; 10(1): 147–54.
26.
FavellJEMcGimseyJFSchellRM. Treatment of self-injury by providing alternate sensory activities. Anal Intervention Dev Disabil1982; 2(1): 83–104.
27.
ChamoveASAndersonJR. Self-aggression, stereotypy, and self-injurious behaviour in man and monkeys. Curr Psychol Rev1981; 1(2): 245–56.
28.
CampbellAMcCreadieRA. Occupational therapy is effective for chronic schizophrenic day-patients. Br J Occup Ther1983; 11(2): 327–8.
29.
FalloonIRHTalbotRE. Persistent auditory hallucinations: Coping mechanisms and implications for management. Psychol Med1981; 11(3): 329–39.
30.
GordonHLRosenbergDMorrisEE. Leisure activities of schizophrenic patients after return to the community. Ment Hyg1966; 50(5): 452–9.
31.
LaymanEM. Contribution of play and sports to emotional health. In: KaneJE, ed. Psychological aspects of physical education sport. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971: 293–309.
32.
DodsonLCMullensWR. Some effects of jogging on psychiatric hospital patients. Am Correct Ther J1969; 23(2): 130–4.
33.
PaulSM. Movement and madness: Towards a biological model of schizophrenia. In: MaserJDSeligmanMEP, eds. Psychopathology: Experimental models. San Francisco: W H Freeman, 1977: 170–193.
34.
ChamoveASEysenckHJHarlowHF. Personality in monkeys: Factor analyses of rhesus social behaviour. Q J Exp Psychol1972; 24(4): 496–504.
35.
TarnowerH. The complete Scarsdale medical diet. New York: Samm Sinclair Baber, 1978.
36.
KendellREZealleyAK. Companion to psychiatric studies. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1983.
37.
StockMRothwellN. Obesity and leanness. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1982.
