The literature of the past 10 years pertaining to the nature of memory impairment, the time/course of recovery of memory function, and the types of retraining technique was reviewed. Analysis revealed many discrepancies and unsolved issues in these areas fundamental to therapeutic intervention. Directions for future research were made in the light of these findings.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BrooksDN. Memory and head injury. J Nerv Ment Dis1972; 155: 350–5.
2.
BrooksDN. Recognition memory and head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1974; 37: 794–801.
3.
BrooksDN. Recognition memory after head injury: a signal detection analysis. Cortex1974; 10: 224–30.
4.
BrooksDN. Long and short term memory in head-injured patients. Cortex1975; 11: 329–40.
5.
LewinsohnPMDanaherBGKikelS.Visual imagery as a mnemonic aid for brain-injured person. J Consult Clin Psychol1977; 45: 719–23.
6.
SchacterDLCrovitzHF. Memory function after closed head injury: a review of the quantitative research. Cortex1977; 13: 150–76.
7.
BrooksDNAughtonME. Psychological consequences of blunt head injury. Int Rehabil Med1979; 1: 160–165.
8.
LezakMD. Recovery of memory and learning functions following traumatic brain injury. Cortex1979; 15: 63–72.
9.
BrooksDNAughtonME. Cognitive recovery during the first year after severe blunt head injury. Int Rehabil Med1979; 1: 166–72.
10.
GlasgowREZeissRABarreraMLewinsohnPM. Case studies on remediating memory deficits in brain-damaged individuals. J Clin Psychol1977; 33: 1049–54.
11.
ThomasM.The occupational therapist's role in memory assessment and retraining for brain-injured adults. Proceedings, 1982 Federal Occupational Therapy Conference. Adelaide: South Australian Government Printer, 1982: 125–42.
12.
SquireLRSlaterPC. Anterograde and retrograde memory impairment in chronic amnesia. Neuropsychologia1978; 16: 313–22.
13.
Marslen-WilsonWDTeuberHL. Memory for remote events in anterograde amnesia recognition of public figures from newsphotographs. Neuropsychologia1975; 13: 353–64.
14.
CermakLS. Imagery as an aid to retrieval for Korsakoff's patients. Cortex1975; 11: 163–69.
15.
RichardsonJTE. Signal detection theory and the effects of severe head injury upon recognition memory. Cortex1979; 15: 145–48.
16.
MeltonAW. Implications of short-term memory for a general theory of memory. J Verbal Learning Verbal Behav1963; 2: 1–21.
17.
BaddeleyADPattersonK.The relation between long-term and short-term memory. Br Med Bull1971; 27: 237–42.
18.
CraikFIM. Primary memory. Br Med Bull1971; 27: 232–36.
19.
CraikFIMLockhartRS. Levels of processing: a framework for memory research. J Verbal Learning Verbal Behav1972; 11: 671–84.
20.
NewcombeFArtiola i Fortuny L. Problems and perspectives in the evaluation of psychological deficits after cerebral lesions. Int Rehabil Med1979; 1: 182–92.
21.
BrooksDN. Wechsler memory scale performance and its relationship to brain damage after severe closed head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1976; 39: 593–601.
22.
LevinHSGrossmanRGKellyPJ. Short-term recognition memory in relation to severity of head injury. Cortex1976; 12: 175–82.
23.
Kear-ColwellJJHellerM.The Wechsler memory scale and closed head injury. J Clin Psychol1980; 36: 782–87.
24.
WatkinsMJ. Concept and measurement of primary memory. Psychol Bull1974; 81: 695–711.
25.
FodorIE. Impairment of memory functions after acute head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1972; 35: 818–24.
26.
BakareCGMAdeloyeA.Intellectual deficits in Nigerians after missile wounds of the brain. Brain1972; 95: 79–86.
27.
BaddeleyADWarringtonEK. Amnesia and the distinction between long and short-term memory. J Verbal Learning Verbal Behav1970; 9: 176–89.
28.
HannayHJLevinHSGrossmanRG. Impaired recognition memory after head injury. Cortex1979; 15: 269–83.
29.
LuriaAR. Memory disturbances in local brain lesions. Neuropsychologia1971; 9: 367–75.
30.
BlackFW. Cognitive and memory performance in subjects with brain damage secondary to penetrating missile wounds and closed head injury. J Clin Psychol1973; 29: 441–2.
31.
GronwellDWrightonP.Mild recovery of intellectual function after minor head injury. Lancet1974; ii: 605–9.
32.
CrovitzHF. Presentation-time limits on memory retrieval. Cortex1979; 15: 37–42.
33.
MandlebergIABrooksDN. Cognitive recovery after severe head injury, 1. Serial testing on the Wechsler adult intelligence scale. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1975; 38: 1121–6.
34.
PattenBM. The ancient art of memory, usefulness in treatment. Arch Neurol1972; 26: 25–31.
35.
BaddeleyADWarringtonEK. Memory encoding and amnesia. Neuropsychologia1973; 11: 159–65.
36.
JonesMK. Imagery as a mnemonic aid after left temporal lobectomy: contrast between material-specific and generalized memory disorders. Neuropsychologia1974; 12: 21–30.
37.
CrovitzHFHarveyMTHornRW. Problems in the acquisition of imagery mnemonics: three brain-damaged cases. Cortex1979; 15: 225–34.
38.
GardnerHBollerFMoreinesJButtersN.Retrieving information from Korsakoff patients; effects of categorical cues and reference to the task. Cortex1973; 9: 165–75.
39.
CrovitzHF. Memory retraining in brain-damaged patients: the airplane list. Cortex1979; 15: 131–4.
40.
MolloyM.Memory disorders — helping the patient. In: StanleyGVWalshKW, eds. Brain impairment, proceedings of the 1977 brain impairment workshop. North Blackburn: Dominion Press, 1977: 86–90.
41.
DowlingPJ. Outpatient therapy with the head-injured adult. In: StanleyGVWalshKW, eds. Brain impairment, proceedings of the 1977 brain impairment workshop. North Blackburn: Dominion Press, 1977: 46–52.
42.
RichardsonJTE. Mental imagery, human memory, and the effects of closed head injury. Br J Soc Clin Psychol1979; 18: 319–27.
