Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Introduction

Therapists’ interpersonal skills are important contributors to client participation. Providing therapists with opportunities to self-reflect on their approach to therapeutic communication can support occupational therapy best practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the observer version of the Pediatric Clinical Assessment of Modes.

Method

The Pediatric Clinical Assessment of Modes was used to rate therapists’ overall and individual communication mode use according to the Intentional Relationship Model. Successful and unsuccessful attempts were rated separately.

Results

The observers rated 125 therapist–child interactions. The successful and unsuccessful domains of the Pediatric Clinical Assessment of Modes demonstrated appropriate internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and structural validity for evaluating the therapist’s overall communication and individual use of the collaborating, empathizing, encouraging, instructing, and problem-solving modes. The empathizing, encouraging, and problem-solving subscales demonstrated greater than expected floor effects and could not effectively separate therapists into high and low performance groups for the unsuccessful domain. The observers reported low frequency of successful and unsuccessful communication attempts for the advocating subscale, raising concerns related to the reliability of this subscale for evaluating therapist–child interactions.

Conclusion

Study findings support the reliability and validity of the Pediatric Clinical Assessment of Modes for use in pediatric outpatient rehabilitation.

Keywords

Intentional Relationship Model IRM communication interpersonal challenges therapeutic relationship assessment psychometric testing occupational therapy

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Arnadóttir

Fisher

(2008) Rasch analysis of the ADL scale of the A-ONE. American Journal of Occupational Therapy 62: 51–60.

Bond

Fox

(2015) Applying the Rasch Model: Fundamental Measurement in the Human Sciences, 3rd edn. New York: Routledge.

Cunningham

Rosenbaum

(2014) Measure of processes of care: A review of 20 years of research. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 56(5): 445–452.

Di Rezze

Law

Eva

, et al. (2014) Therapy behaviours in paediatric rehabilitation: Essential attributes for intervention with children with physical disabilities. Disability and Rehabilitation 36(1): 16–22.

Fan

Taylor

(2016) Assessing therapeutic communication during rehabilitation: The Clinical Assessment of Modes. American Journal of Occupational Therapy 70(4): 7004280010p1–7004280010p10.

IBM Corp. Released (2013) IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

Karver

Handelsman

Fields

, et al. (2006) Meta-analysis of therapeutic relationship variables in youth and family therapy: The evidence for different relationship variables in the child and adolescent treatment outcome literature. Clinical Psychology Review 26(1): 50–65.

King

(2009) A relational goal-oriented model of optimal service delivery to children and families. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics 29(4): 384–408.

King

(2017) The role of the therapist in therapeutic change: How knowledge from mental health can inform pediatric rehabilitation. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics 37(2): 121–138.

10.

King

Currie

Bartlett

, et al. (2007) The development of expertise in pediatric rehabilitation therapists: Changes in approach, self-knowledge, and use of enabling and customizing strategies. Developmental Neurorehabilitation 10(3): 223–240.

11.

King

Servais

Bolack

, et al. (2012) Development of a measure to assess effective listening and interactive communication skills in the delivery of children’s rehabilitation services. Disability and Rehabilitation 34(6): 459–469.

12.

Koo

(2016) A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine 15(2): 155–163.

13.

Linacre

(1994) Sample size and item calibration stability. Rasch Measurement Transactions 7(4): 328. Available at: www.rasch.org/rmt/rmt74m.htm (accessed 12 June 2019).

14.

Linacre

(2004) Optimizing rating scale category effectiveness. In: Smith

Smith

(eds) Introduction to Rasch Measurement: Theory, Models Application. Maple Grove: JAM Press, pp.258–278.

15.

Linacre

(2017) Winsteps® (Version 3.93.0) [Computer Software]. Beaverton: Winsteps.com. Available at: www.winsteps.com (accessed 1 January 2017).

16.

McHorney

Tarlov

(1995) Individual-patient monitoring in clinical practice: Are available health status surveys adequate? Quality of Life Research 4: 293–307.

17.

Smith

Miao

(1994) Assessing unidimensionality for Rasch measurement. In: Greenwich

(ed.) Objective Measurement: Theory into Practice (Vol. 2). Norwood: Ablex, pp.316–328.

18.

Tavakol

Dennick

(2011) Making sense of Chronbach’s Alpha. International Journal of Medical Education 2: 53–55.

19.

Taylor

(2008) The Intentional Relationship: Occupational Therapy and Use of Self. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co.

20.

Taylor

Popova

(2019) Pediatric Clinical Assessment of Modes – Observer, Version 3.0. Chicago: Intentional Relationship Model Clearinghouse, Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago. Available at: http://irm.ahslabs.uic.edu/assessments/ (accessed 12 June 2019).

Reliability and validity of the Pediatric Clinical Assessment of Modes in outpatient pediatric rehabilitation

Abstract

Introduction

Method

Results

Conclusion

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References