Mental practice is a technique that involves imagery and rehearsal of movement without movement actually occurring. This study considers the evidence that indicates whether mental practice is successful in improving upper limb motor performance after a stroke. The use of mental practice in the traditional fields of sport, music and dance is identified and a theoretical premise for its application in stroke rehabilitation is presented. Eight studies on the use of mental practice in the rehabilitation of motor performance following a stroke are critiqued. These studies suggest that mental practice improves upper limb motor ability and appears to be applicable to a range of participants, especially those with moderate impairment, although good cognitive and communication skills are required.
The article suggests reasons that this relatively new approach should be considered by occupational therapists involved in stroke rehabilitation. The limited number of studies and small sample sizes are highlighted. Further research is recommended in order to identify people who will benefit from mental practice, to investigate the generalisation of results and to establish guidelines for the effective provision of mental practice in terms of length, format and content in stroke rehabilitation.
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