Riots have become a regular feature of our news programmes. Yet, modern riot research is faced with a host of problems. The article allows insight into the history of riot research, underlying psychological and sociological patterns, and the presentation of riots in the mass media. It also gives an overview of recent causation theories and suggests various ways of controlling riots.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Baker, R. K. , Ball, S. J., & Lange, D. R., (1969). Violence and the Media. A Report to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
2.
Ball-Rokeach, S. J. , & Short, J. F. (1985). Collective violence: The redress of grievance and public policy. In A. Curtis (Ed.), American violence and public policy. (pp. 155-180. New Haven: Yale University Press.
3.
Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
4.
Binder, D. (1983). Riots: Legal aspects. In S. H. Kadish (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice: Vol. 4 (pp. 1384-1387). New York: Gardner Press.
5.
Curvin, R. , Porter, B. (1979). Blackout looting! New York City, July 13, 1977. New York: Free Press.
6.
Freud, S. (1988). Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse. Frankfurt/Main: Fischer.
7.
Janowitz, M. (1979). Collective racial violence. In H. D. Graham & T. R. Gurr (Eds.), Violence in America (pp. 261-286). Beverly Hills: Sage.
8.
Jaspers, K. (1931). Die geistige Situation der Zeit. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
9.
Kaiser, G. (1959). Randalierende Jugend. Heidelberg: Quelle and Meyer.
10.
Kepplinger, H. M. (1981). Gesellschaftliche Bedingungen kollektiver Gewalt. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 33, 469-503.
11.
LeBon, G. (1982). Psychologie der Massen (15th ed.). Stuttgart: Kröner.
12.
Marx, G. T. (1972). Issueless riots. In J. Short & M. E. Wolfgang (Eds.), Collective violence (pp. 47-59). Chicago: Aldine-Atherton.
13.
McKay, R. B. (1983). Riots: Prison riots. In S. H. Kadish (Ed.), Encyclopedia of crime and justice. Vol. 4 (pp. 1394-1398). New York: Free Press.
14.
National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. (1968). Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
15.
National Advisory Committee on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals. (1976). Disorders and terrorism. Report of the task force on disorders and terrorism. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
16.
National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence . (1969). To establish justice, to insure domestic tranquility. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
17.
National Committee on Violence (Ed.). (1990). Violence: Directions for Australia. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.
18.
Newman, G. (1979). Understanding Violence. New York: Lippincott.
19.
Quarantelli, E. L. , & Wenger, D. (1983). Riots: Behavioral aspects. In S. H. Kadish (Ed.), Encyclopedia of crime and justice: Vol. 4 (pp. 1379-1384). New York: Free Press.
20.
Riesman, D. (1958). Die einsame Masse. Hamburg: Rowohlt.
21.
Schneider, H. J. (1987). Kriminologie. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
22.
Schwind, H. , Baumann, J., Schneider, U., & Winter, M. (1990). Gewalt in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. In Schwind, Baumannet. al. (Eds.), Ursachen, Prävention und Kontrolle von Gewalt: Vol. I (pp. 1-285). Berlin: Duncker and Humblot.
23.
Sherif, M. , & Sherif, C. W. (1969). Social psychology. New York: Harper and Row.
24.
Sherman, L. W. (1983). Riots: Enforcement and control. In S. H. Kadish (Ed.), Encyclopedia of crime and justice: Vol. 4 (pp. 1387-1394). New York: Free Press.
25.
Skolnick, J. H. (1969). The politics of protest: Violent aspects of protest and confrontation: A staff report to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. Vol. 3. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
26.
Smelser, N. J. (1962). Theory of collective behavior. New York: Free Press.
27.
Tilly, C. (1979). Collective violence in European perspective. In H. D. Graham & T. R. Gurr (Eds.), Violence in America (pp. 83-118). Beverly Hills: Sage.
28.
Toch, H. H. (1969). Violent men: An inquiry into the psychology of violence. Chicago.
29.
Turner, R. H. , & Killian, L. M. (1987). Collective behavior (3rd ed.) Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
30.
Zimbardo, P. G. (1973). A field experiment in auto shaping. In C. Ward (Ed.), Vandalism (pp. 85-90). London: Architectural Press.
31.
Zimbardo, P. G. (1983). Psychologie (4th ed.) Berlin: Springer.
