Merton, R.K. (1957) Social Theory and Social Structure, 139-157, USA: Free Press (Glencoe).
2.
Davis, R.J. et al (1970) "XYY and Crime", Lancet, 2, 1086.
3.
Cloward, R.A. & Ohlin, L.E. (1960) Delinquency and Opportunity, USA: Free Press (New York).
4.
Akers, R.L. (1973) Deviant Behavior: A Social Learning Approach, USA: Wadsworth.
5.
Hirschi, T. (1972) Causes of Delinquency, 110-34, USA: Univ. of Calif. Press.
6.
Nye, F.I. (1958) Family Relationships and Delinquent Behavior, USA: Wiley.
7.
Conger, J.J. & Miller, W.C. (1966) Personality, Social Class and Delinquency, USA: Wiley.
8.
Borgaonkar, D.S. et el. (1972) "XYY Syndrome, Height and Institutionalization of Juvenile Delinquents", Bri. J. Psych., 120, 549-50.
9.
Corbett, J. & Vereb. T.S. (1976) Juvenile Court Statistics, 1974, USA: U.S. Government Printing Office.
10.
Rist, W.N. & Reis, E. (1974) "Juvenile Corrections: It Starts Here", Personnel Guid. J., 53, 142-5.
11.
Brown, W.K. (1978) 'The Vulnerable Child and Positive Outcomes : A Case History of Delinquent Behavior in Perspective". In The Child and His Family: Vulnerable Children, ed. Anthony, E. J. et. al., 575-86, USA: Wiley.
12.
Ibid.; Sorrentino, J.N. (1977) Up From Never. USA: Bantam;
13.
Brown, C. (1965) Manchild in the Promised Land, USA: MacMillan.
14.
Sepsi, V.J. , Jr. (1974) "Girls Recidivists ", J. Res. Crime Delinq., 11, 70-9;
15.
Tutt, N.S. (1976) "Recommittals of Juvenile Offenders", Brit. J. Crimin., 16, 385-8;
16.
Eysenck, S. & Eysenck, H. (1974) "Personality and Recidivism in Borstal Boys", Brit. J. Crimin., 14, 376-84.
17.
Dettenbom, H. (1971) "Relationships Among Psychologically Relevant Causes of Juvenile Delinquency", Probleme und Ergebnisse der Psychologie, 39, 27-79.
18.
Becker, H.S. (1963) Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance , USA: Free Press (New York.
19.
Quetelet, A. (1833) Recherches sur le penchant au crime aux differentes âges, Belgium: Hayez.
20.
Ibid, 75.
21.
Glueck, S. & Glueck, E. (1937) Later Criminal Careers, 106, New York: Commonwealth Fund.
Glueck, S. & Glueck, E. (1968) Delinquents and Non-delinquents in Perspective , 169-70, USA: Harvard Univ. Press.
25.
Idem, Later Criminal Careers , 124.
26.
Idem, Juvenile Delinquents Grown Up, 97.
27.
Idem, Delinquents and Non-delinquents in Perspective, 169-70.
28.
Glueck, S. & Glueck, E. (1943) Criminal Careers in Retrospect, 133, USA: Commonwealth Fund.
29.
Ibid, 170-71.
30.
Ibid, 132, 193.
31.
Knight, B.J. & West, D.J. (1975) "Temporary and Continuing Delinquency", Brit. J. Crimin., 15, 43-50;
32.
West, D.J. & Farrington, D.P. (1977) The Delinquent Way of Life , 132-39, USA: Crane Russak.
33.
Idem, "Temporary and Continuing Delinquency ", 46.
34.
35.
Robins, L.N. (1974) Deviant Children Grown Up: A Sociological and Psychiatric Study of Sociopathic Personality, 229, USA: Krieger,
36.
Ibid, 226.
37.
Ibid, 226-7.
38.
Ibid, 236.
39.
Bartollas, C. et al. (1977) "Boys Who Profit: The Limits of Institutional Success". In Reform in Corrections: Problems and Issues, ed. Allen, H. E. & Beran, N.J., USA: Praeger.
40.
Novotny, E.S. & Burstein, N. (1974) "Public School Adjustment of Delinquent Boys after Release from a Juvenile Corrective Institution", J. Youth Adoles., 3, 52.
41.
Ibid, 59.
42.
Gough, H.G. et al. (1965) "Parole Outcomes as Predicted from the CPI, the MMPI, and a Base Expectancy Table", J. abnor. Psychol., 70, 440.
43.
Werner, E. & Palmer, T. (1976) "Psychological Characteristics of Successful and Unsuccessful Parolees: Implications of Heteroscedastic and Non-linear Relationships ", J. Res. Crime Delin., 13, 175.
44.
Anthony, E.J. (1978) "A New Scientific Region to Explore". In The Child and his Family: Vulnerable Children , ed. Anthony, E. J. et al., 3-15, USA: Wiley.
45.
Garmezy, N. (1971) "Vulnerability Research and the Issue of Primary Prevention", Amer. J. Orthopsychiat. , 41, 101-16.
46.
Murphy, L.B. & Moriarity, A.E. (1976) Vulnerability, Coping and Growth: From Infancy to Adolescence, USA: Yale Univ. Press .
47.
Ibid, 5.
48.
Ibid, 13.
49.
Gable, R.J. & Brown, W.K. (1978) "Positive Outcome: A New Approach to Delinquency Research", Juv. Fam. Court J. , 29, 57-64.
