The Magic of Community Supervision: English Proposals for Dealing with the Young Adult Offender

Young Adult Offenders : Report of the Advisory Council on the Penal System: Home Office, H.M.S.O., London, 1974.

The group of criminologists working on aspects of C. Ray Jeffery's crime prevention through environmental design distinguishes between types of crime prevention. Tertiary crime prevention is aimed at prevent-ting recidivism by convicted offenders. Secondary crime prevention is aimed at preventing crime by predicted offenders through pre-judicial intervention. Primary crime prevention is aimed at preventing crime by altering the environment contingencies which permit crime to occur.

Hood, Roger and Sparks, Richard : Key Issues in Criminology, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1970, pp. 193-214.

The Sentence of the Court: Home Office, H.M.S.O., London, 1969,

- Supplement on Detention Centres: Home Office, H.M.S.O. , London, 1971.

- Powers of Criminal Courts Act 1973: H.M.S.O., London.

A statutory minimum of three months' duration would be imposed on the custody and control order. Magistrates' courts would continue to be limited to passing sentences of six months' duration or less. Murder would be excepted from the general coverage of the custody and control order. Young adult murderers would be sentenced to detention at Her Majesty's pleasure.

Schrag, Clarence : Crime and Justice: American Style, U.S. Center Studies Crime and Del. (N.I.M.H.) , Washington, 1971, pp. 213-220.

— Flackett, John M. : "Juvenile Offenders in the Community: Some Recent Experiences in the United States", Howard J. Penol., 1974, pp. 22-37.

— A National Strategy to Reduce Crime (National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals), U.S. Center Studies Crime and Del. (N.I.M.H.), Washington, 1973, pp. 186-190 (advance edit.).

7. See generally the research cited in Schrag, op. cit. (6).

The Civil Rights Act of 1871, 42 United States Code Sec. 1983.

— On recent developments in American correctional law, see Kerper and Kerper, Legal Rights of the Convicted, St. Paul (Minn.), U.S.A., West Publishing, 1974.