Student Helpers in English Borstals

Evelyn Waugh amusingly lampoons this attitude in Love Among Ruins: (Ed. Chapman & Hall, England). "At last the Bench summed up. He reminded the jury that it was a first principle of the new Law that no man could be held responsible for the consequences of his own acts."

As outlined for example in Prisons and Borstals, HMSO, 4th ed., 1960, pp. 56-57; and in F.T. Giles , The Criminal Law , Pelican A301, 1963 ed., pp. 143-144.

Margery Fry , "The Essential Amateur" by Enid Huws Jones. Reviewed by T.P.M. Cf. for example Brit. Journal of Criminology , Vol. 7, No. 2, April 1967, p. 230.

G. Grazziani , "Il Prete che ha Inventato una Cittá" (The Priest who Created a City , in Epoca (Milano), Italy, May 2I, 1967, pp. 130-135.

M. Brugeneur , "Sauver les Enfants Perdus" (To Save the Lost Children) in Le Monde et la Vie (The World and Life) ( Paris) May 1967, pp. 28-29, Id., "Les Enfants du Désordre" (The Children of Disorder) in Le Monde et la Vie ( Paris), November 1967, pp. 26-27.

"A One-Woman Crusade", in Catholic Herald (England, April I4, 1967, p. 3; Cf. G. Fletcher , Down among the Meths' Men, ed. Hutchinson , 1966; and Watton, Alcoholism , ed. MacGibbon & Kee (England) both reviewed by K. Leech: "Wrong Place for Sentiment" in Tribune, England, Sept. 30, 1966 , p. 12.

"The People we Prefer to Forget", in Pulse, Woking, England, vol. 14, No. 28, July I, 1967, p. 16.

M. Parkin , "Rewards of Adventure in Living", The Guardian (England), July 25, 1966, p. 3.

G.K. Chesterton , in " Essays and Poems", Penguin 1068, 1958 (an extract from "What's Wrong with the World?").

Sex in Society, Pelican A683, 1964 ed., p. 9.

G. Gravina , "Il Fango Beat" (Beatnik's Way of Life) in La Gazetta, Catania, Italy, Sept. 28, 1966 , p. i, and " Si Arrestino per Oltraggio al Pudore" (Arrests for Offences against Morality) in La Gazetta, Catania, Italy, October I3, 1966, p. 4.

Cf. also remarks of P.A. D'Avack , Il Problema Storico-Giuridico della Libertá Religiosa (The Historic-Legal Problem of Religious Freedom, ed. Mario Bulzoni , Lib. Ricerche, Roma, 1965-66, pp. 214-236.

Cf. Paterson , quoted in R. Hood, Borstal Reassessed, Heinemann, 1965, p. 106.

These are conveniently summed up in two of six articles on adolescent morals that appeared in New Society, "Adolescent Values", March 28, 1963, pp. 9-14, by E. M. Eppel , and "A Humanist's Decalogue", May 2, 1963, pp. 17-20, by R. Fletcher ; in A. Buchwald , "La Révolte des Parents" (Parents' Rebellion), Paris Match, Oct. I5, 1966, pp. 130-131; and in " Studenti e Capelloni" (Students and Long-haired Youths by Delta, in Il Tempo, Rome, Italy, April I0, 1967, p. 3.

Pelican A255, I966 ed., p. I55.

"Crime and the Criminal", BBC Third Programme, September I2, 1966, at 7.I0 p.m. Produced by R. Hooper.

For an excellent illustration of the first aspect, see Tony Parker , The Unknown Citizen, Penguin 2329, 1966 ed., pp. 45-52.

"In most cases these adolescents finish up by being committed to approved schools or borstals ... but often this is for too short a period, and also the facilities for the intensive effort necessary are not available ." K.R.H. Wardrop on "Delinquent Teenage Types", pp. 371-380. The British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 7, No. 4 (October 1967), p. 380.

See A. Macchi , "Il Fenomeno della Delinquenza Minorile". (The Phenomenon of Juvenile Delinquency in Aggiornamenti Sociali , Italy, December 1961, p. 685, Cf. Dickens, "Oliver Twist", chap. 4I, "The Borstal Puzzle", Leader, The Lancet, England, June 30th, 1951, p. 1399.

Eg. A. Ossicini, Rapporti con i Genitori di 26 Ragazzi Ladri (Parent-Son Relationship: a Study of 26 Juvenile Thieves), chap. 4, Esperienze di Psicologia di Gruppo (Some Observations on Group Psychology), Ed. Studium, Rome I964, pp. 66-67.

E.g. C.H. Moiser , letter in The Times, England, July I6, 1966, p. 14.

E.g. P.L. Lang , "Wild Youth", in the Sunday Examiner (Hong Kong), January 6, 1967, p. 13.

Cf. R. Hood , Borstal Reassessed, p. 147, n. 3 and p. 158, n. 2.