During the past three decades, 10 international symposia on victimology have taken place in different parts of the world. This article presents in two parts a comprehensive over- view of the discussion results of these symposia and of the most important literature contributions to criminological victimization research over the past three decades. In the first part of the report, the risk and causes of victimization are discussed. In this second part of the article, the deliberation of damage suffered by the victims—the negative psychical and social effects— is emphasized. Damage suffered by the indirect victim (covictim) is highlighted. The significance of the victim-offender sequence is mitigated to a certain extent. As far as recidivist victimization is concerned, the model of the victim career is developed. The constitutional and procedural legal rights of the victims and potential victims are elucidated.
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