Are the Irish black?

Doyle R. , The Commitments (London, Minerva, 1991)

Sivanandan A. , ‘Challenging Racism: strategies for the ‘80s’, Race & Class (Vol. 25, no. 2, 1983), pp. 1–11.

Morgan H. , ‘Empire-building: an uncomfortable Irish heritage’, Linen Hall Review (Vol. 10, no. 2, 1993), p. 8

Cited in MacCall S. , Irish Mitchel: a Biography (London, 1938), p. 327

Garvey A. , Garvey and Garveyism (New York, 1978), p. 68

Curtis L. , The Cause of Ireland: from the United Irishmen to Partition (Belfast, 1994), p. 65

Curtis L. , The Cause of Ireland: from the United Irishmen to Partition (Belfast, 1994), p. 329

McAliskey Bernadette , ‘A peasant in the halls of the great’, in Farrell M. , ed, Twenty Years On (Dingle, 1988), p. 87

McVeigh R. , The Racialization of Irishness (Belfast, 1995)

O'Dwyer P. , Counsel for the Defense (New York, 1979), pp. 207–29.

O'Dowd L. , new introduction to A. Memmi, The Colonizer and the Colonized (London, 1990), pp. 29–66.

Memmi, The Colonizer and the Colonized, p. 187

The Colonizer and the Colonized, p. 194

Rolston B. , ‘The training ground: Ireland, conquest and decolonisation’, Race & Class (Vol. 34, no. 4, 1993), pp. 25–34.

For a critical assessment, see O'Hearn D. , Inside the Celtic Tiger (London, 1998)

Coulter C. , Ireland: between the First and Third worlds (Dublin, 1990), pp. 9 and 22

See the testimony of Diane Hamill to the US Congress House International Relations Committee, 22 April 1999, http://www.serv.com/pfc/hamillusa.html

Rolston B. , Turning the Page without Closing the Book: the right to Truth in the Irish context (Dublin, 1993)

Krog A. , Country of My Skull (London, Random House, 1998), pp. 98–9 and 131

Curtis, op. cit., p. 50

For a critique of New Left Review's failure, see Porter S. , and O'Hearn D. , ‘New Left Podsnappery: the British Left and Ireland’, New Left Review (No. 212), pp. 131–41.

Sivanandan A. , ‘All that melts into air is solid: the hokum of new times’ in his Communities of Resistance (London, Verso, 1990), p. 51

There are some people of colour in Ireland who, along with members of the Travelling community, are subject to racial abuse and attacks. See McVeigh, op. cit., and McVeigh R. , ‘Is sectarianism racism? Theorising the racism/sectarianism interface’ in Miller D. , ed, Rethinking Northern Ireland: culture, ideology and colonialism (London, 1998), pp. 179–96.