Eco-tourism or ego-tourism?

F. Barrett , 'Having a fine time: glad you're not here', Independent on Sunday (31 January 1993), p.3.

F. Barrett , The Independent Guide to Real Holidays Abroad 1991 ( London , The Independent, 1990).

F. Barrett , The Independent Guide to Real Holidays Abroad 1990 ( London , The Independent, 1989).

Edward Bruner , 'Of cannibals, tourists, and ethnographers', Cultural Anthropology (Vol.4, no.4, 1989), pp.438-45.

Katie Wood , 'Belize cleans up in eco-tourism stakes', Observer (6 October 1991), p.65.

Robert Gordon , 'The prospects for anthropological tourism in Bushmanland', Cultural Survival Quarterly (Vol.14, no.1, 1990), pp.6-8.

See Brian Wheeller , 'Sustaining the ego', Journal of Sustainable Tourism (Vol.1, no.2, 1993), pp.121-9.

D. Truong , Sex, Money and Morality: prostitution and tourism in South East Asia (London, 1991).

US Government , Enterprise for the Americas Initiative Act, Dept of Treasury Press Release (27 June 1990).

Anita Pleumaron , 'Alternative tourism: a viable solution?', Contours (Vol.4, no.8, 1990), pp.12-15.

Gordon, op.cit.

Programme for Belize Newsletter, UK edition (January 1990).

Jost Krippendorf , The Holidaymakers: understanding the impact of leisure and travel (London, 1987), p.56.

See, for example: S. Britton , 'Tourism and economic vulnerability in small Pacific states: the case of Fiji', Development Studies Centre, Monograph No.23 (1981); Tourism, dependency and development: a mode of analysis, Occasional Paper No.23 ( Canberra, Development Studies Centre, Australian National University, 1981); 'The spatial organisation of tourism in a neo-colonial economy: a Fiji case study' , Pacific Viewpoint (Vol.21, no.2, 1992), pp.144-65; 'The political economy of tourism in the Third World', Annals of Tourism Research (Vol.9), pp.331-58. Also articles by L.A. Perez , 'Aspects of underdevelopment in the West Indies', Science & Society (Vol.37, no.4, 1974), pp.473-80; 'Tourism in the West Indies', Journal of Communications (Vol.25, 1975), pp.136-43; and H.G. Matthews , 'Radicals and Third World tourism: a Caribbean case', Annals of Tourism Research (Vol.5, 1977), pp.20-9.

Jean Holder , 'The Caribbean: far greater dependency on tourism likely, The Courier (No.122, July/August 1990), pp.74-9.

See, for example, D. Truong , op.cit; P. Holden, J. Horlemann and G. Pfafflin (eds), Tourism, Prostitution, Development (Bangkok, Ecumenical Coalition on Third World Tourism, 1983); K. Srisang (ed.), Caught in Modern Slavery: tourism and child prostitution in Asia (Bangkok, Ecumenical Coalition on Third World Tourism); P. Phongpaichit , From Peasant Girls to Bangkok Masseuses (Geneva, International Labor Office, 1982); P. Nowicka , 'OK for him, but how does she feel?', Independent on Sunday (22 December 1991), p.18.

Edward Said , Orientalism (London, 1991).

Kurt Kutay , 'The new ethic in adventure travel', Buzzworm: The Environmental Journal (Vol.1, no.4, 1989), pp.31-6.

Martha Gellhorn , 'Too good for tourists', Independent Magazine (3 November 1990), pp.68-74.

James Painter , Guatemala: false hope, false freedom (London, 1989).

Krippendorf, op.cit.

Quoted in Tourism in Focus (Autumn, No.2, 1991), p.10.

Susan Sontag makes this point about the 'aesthetising tendency of photography', showing how photography 'develops in tandem' with tourism and that, ultimately, the 'medium which conveys distress ends up by neutralising it'. Or, in other words, photographs preserve and consecrate the status quo and 'aesthetise the injuries of class, race and sex' (Susan Sontag, On Photography (London, 1979)).

Isabel Wolff , 'Weekending in El Salvador', Independent on Sunday (27 October 1991), pp.59, 61.

Jamaica Kincaid , A Small Place (New York , 1988), p.15.