The training ground: Ireland,conquest and decolonisation

I would like to thank Liz Curtis for help in tracing sources in the early part of researching this paper. Her own book on Irish history, The Cause of Ireland, is to be published in the near future. Thanks also to Fred Heatley for guiding me to the information about the attempts to introduce slave trading in Belfast.

J.C. Beckett , A Short History of Ireland (London, 1979), p.27.

W. Butler , Confiscation in Irish History (New York, 1970; first published 1917).

Gerald of Wales, The History and Topography of Ireland, translated by J. O'Meara (London, 1988).

Richard Lebow , White Britain and Black Ireland (Philadelphia, 1976), p.75.

Michael Stevenson , 'Columbus and the war on indigenous peoples' in Race & Class (Vol.33, no.3, 1992), pp.27-45.

Ibid.

Nicholas P. Canny , 'The ideology of English colonisation: from Ireland to America' in William and Mary Quarterly (Vol.30, 1973).

Ibid.

Bernard Sheehan , Savagism and Civility: Indians and Englishmen in colonial Virginia (Cambridge, 1980 ).

G. Arciniegas , Caribbean: sea of the New World ( New York, 1946).

H. Beckles , 'A "riotous and unruly lot": Irish indentured servants and freemen in the English West Indies, 1644-1713' in William and Mary Quarterly (Vol.47, 1990).

R.S. Dunn , Sugar and Slaves: the rise of the planter class in the English West Indies, 1624-1713 (Chapel Hill, 1972 ).

Beckles, op. cit.

Other, perhaps better known, advocates of internationalism and anti-racism in Irish history have not been considered here — such as James Connolly and Roger Casement.

Cathal O'Byrne , As I Roved Out (Wakefield , Yorks., S.R. Publishers, 1970 ).

Fergus O'Ferrall , 'Liberty and Catholic politics 1790-1990' in M. O'Connell (ed.), Daniel O'Connell: political pioneer (Dublin, 1991), pp. 35-56. See also W. Lecky , Leaders of Public Opinion in Ireland. Vol. 2 Daniel O'Connell (London, 1912).

S. MacCall , Irish Mitchel: a biography (London, 1938), p.327.

Ibid., p.337.

J. Mitchel , Jail Journal (Dublin, 1913), pp.xiii-xiv.

H. Aptheker (ed.), A Documentary History of the Negro People in the United States (New York , 1969), p.312.

Ibid., p.668.

M. Davitt , The Boer Fightfor Freedom (New York and London, 1902).

H. Aptheker (ed.), The Correspondence of W. E. B. DuBois vol.l (Cambridge, Mass., 1973), p.116.

Amy J. Garvey , Garvey and Garveyism (New York, 1978), p.68.

Bernadette McAliskey , 'A peasant in the halls of the great' , in M. Farrell (ed.), Twenty Years On (Dingle, 1988), pp.75-88.

See Thérèse Caherty , Is Ireland a Third World Country? (Belfast, 1992).

The first Dail (parliament) after the Easter rising met regularly in the Mansion House; in 1991, however, Sinn Fein, despite having held their annual Ard Fheis (conference) in the Mansion House for a number of years, was henceforth refused permission to do so by Dublin city council.