2 In reality, this meant issues such as the pooling of sterling balances, trade agreements, loans to colonies channelled through the Colonial Development Corporation or the Crown Agents, which ensured that loans were used to 'buy British', the use of surplus colonial manpower, investment of colonial capital in British securities, and use of the colonies as a source of raw material and a ready market for the products of backward industries such as textiles, which were to form the backbone of the post-war export drive. On this, successive governments hoped to pay off Britain's crippling debt which had forced it to go cap in hand to Washington in 1946.
3.
3 T215/709, A. Paterson to Miss Hackett, 3 October 1945.
4.
4 T215/709, minute, T. Padmore, 9 October 1945.
5.
5 T215/709, J. Stephenson (CRO) to Sir Percival Waterfield (CSC), 19 October 1945.
6.
6 T215/709, Sir Percival Waterfield to T. Padmore, 11 April 1946.
7.
7 T215/709, minute, Miss Hackett, 15 April 1946.
8.
8 CSC 5/918, R. Field (CRO) to A. Hillis, 24 March 1948.
9.
9 CSC 5/918, minute, Miss 0. Collett, 15 May 1948.
10.
10 T215/709, minute Miss Hackett, 15 April 1946.
11.
11 T215/709, minute. A. Winnifrith, 23 September 1948.
12.
12 LAB 8/1320, memorandum, Placing of Ex-Indian Civil Servants, D. Fincham, 5 April 1950.
13.
13 CSC 5/918, C. Jarrett (Admiralty) to A. Hillis (Civil Service Commission), 9 January 1948.
14.
14 CSC 5/918, Air Ministry to A. Hillis, 19 January 1948.
15.
15 CSC 5/918, War Office, J. Wade to A. Hillis, 24 September 1947.
16.
16 T215/710, Briefing note for C of E, Mrs Dorothy Williams, 7 January 1949.
17.
17 T215/710, Submission on rules, Mrs D. R. Williams, 22 April 1949.
18.
18 T215/709, Mrs Dorothy Johnstone to H. Dunk (HO), 18 June 1948.
19.
19 T215/709, Mrs Dorothy Johnstone to H. Dunk (HO), 18 June 1948.
20.
20 T215/709, minute, Mrs Dorothy Johnstone, 8 June 1948.
21.
21 T216/460, minute, D. R. Williams, 1.12.49.
22.
22 T215/709, Sir Harold Parker, to T. Padmore, 15 June 1948.
23.
23 T215/710, Sir Harold Parker (Min of Defence) to Sir Eric Speed (War Office).
24.
24 T215/710, Briefing note by Mrs Dorothy Williams, 7 January 1949.
25.
25 CSC5/918, R. R. Barclay to A. Hillis, 2 October 1947.
26.
26 CSC5/918, memo, unsigned, 24 November 1949.
27.
27 CSC5/918, minute, PEW, 2 November 1947.
28.
28 T216/460, Sir Percival Waterfield to J. Wade, 30 November 1948.
29.
29 T216/460, Sir Percival Waterfield to J. Wade, 30 November 1948.
30.
30 DO 35/2596, Sir Percival Waterfield to Harold Caccia, 21 September 1948.
31.
31 Ibid.; Sir Percival Waterfield to Harold Caccia, 9 November 1948.
32.
32 CSC5/918, summary minute, Civil Service Nationality Rules, A. Hillis, 8 October 1947.
33.
33 T216/460, Sir Percival Waterfield to A. Winnifrith, 21 November 1949.
34.
34 Minute, unsigned, 24 November 1949, CSC5/918.
35.
35 T216/460, Sir Percival Waterfield to A. Winnifrith, 7 December 1949.
36.
36 DEFE 7/659, Miss E. Abbot (Treasury) to J. Wade (War Office), 18 February 1950; T216/460, minute, D. R. Williams, 1 December 1949.
37.
37 Sir Percival Waterfield to A. Winnifrith, 21 November 1949, CSCS/918.
38.
38 T215/709, F. Lester/H. Kendrew, 11 May 1948.
39.
39 T215/7098, minute, E. Ward Lester, 19 May 1948.
40.
40 T215/709, C. Houghton (MAF) to E. Lester, 3 June 1948.
41.
41 T215/709, minute, E. Lester, 21 June 1948; W. Warwick to Major A. Sumner, 2 July 1948.
42.
42 CSC5/918, Sir Percival Waterfield to A. Winnifrith, 8 December 1949.
43.
43 Ibid.
44.
44 CSC5/511, Memo, Sir Percival Waterfield, Coloured British Candidates, 3 January 1951; D035/2593, f.E2020/3t), Treatment of Coloured Candidates for Appointment in the UK Civil Service.
45.
45 CSC5/918, Sir Thomas Lloyd to A. P. Sinker, 19 February 1951.
46.
46 CSC5/918, minute, Howard, 23 February 1951.
47.
47 CSC5/918, draft letter to Sir T. Lloyd, unsigned; see also A.P. Sinker to Sir Thomas Lloyd, 27 February 1951.
48.
48 CSC5/918, Sir Thomas Lloyd to A. Sinker, 5 March 1951.
49.
49 CSC5/918, confidential minute, A. Sinker, 23 February 1951.
50.
50 CSC5/594, minute, W. Fisher, 10 April 1951.
51.
51 T216/460, minute, A. Parnis, 15 September 1952.
52.
52 T216/460, minute, Miss Noakes, 3 October 1952.
53.
53 T216/46t), minute, A. Parnis, 15 September 1952.
54.
54 T216/460, minute, L. Holman, 17 September 1952.
55.
55 T216/460, minute, E. Kirk, 19 September 1952.
56.
56 T216/460, minute, Mr Jupe, 9 October 1952.
57.
57 CAB128/25, C.C.(52)100, 25 November 1952.
58.
58 CAB129/57, C(52)446, Post Office: Employment of Coloured Workers, Memo by the Postmaster-General.
59.
59 CAB128/25, C.C.(52)106, 18 December 1952.
60.
60 See T. Carter, G. Harris and S. Joshi'The 1951-55 Conservative government and the racialisation of black immigration' in Immigrants and Minorities (London, 1987) and C. Harris, 'British capitalism, migration and relative surplus population' in Migration, January 1987.
61.
61 CSC5/919, W. Fisher to A. Parnis, 8 January 1953.
62.
62 Ibid.
63.
63 C0866/82, Treasury Working Party, Draft Report.
64.
64 Ibid.
65.
65 Ibid.
66.
66 Ibid.
67.
67 C0866/82, minute, Watson, 19 February 1953.
68.
68 C0866/82, minute, Webber, 13 February 1953.
69.
69 CAB129/65, C.(54)37, Recruitment of Coloured Persons to the Civil Service, 2 February 1954.
70.
70 CSC5/919, minute, A. P. Sinker, 22.1.54.
71.
71 CAB129/65, C(54)37, Recruitment of Coloured Persons to the Civil Service, 2 February 1954.
72.
72 T216/460, minute, Mrs Hedley-Miller, 21 September 1953.
73.
73 T216/460, note, Miss Abbot, 20 January 1954.
74.
74 CSC5/540, R. Bailey to W. Fisher, 22 January 1955.
