US food power in the 1990s

US Department of Agriculture, (USDA) Embargoes, Surplus Disposal, and US Agriculture (Washington, DC, 1986), pp. 1-2.

Deficiency payments consist of federal government money paid to farmers to bridge the gap between (low) market prices for their goods and target prices set ahead of time by the government.

J. Longmire and A. Morey , Strong dollar dampens demand for US farm exports, Foreign Agricultural Economic Report 193 (Washington, 1983 ).

US General Accounting Office , Alternative Trading Practices for International Grain Trade (GAO/NSIAD-87-90BR, March 1987), p.8.

D. Hathaway , Agriculture and the GATT: rewriting the rules ( Washington , 1987).

US Department of Agriculture , Embargoes ... op.cit. , pp.5-17.

Office of Farmer Assistance Programs , Texas Department of Agriculture, 'Farm Facts 1/88', No.1, based on USDA data.

Ibid.

M. Strange , Family farming: a new economic vision (Lincoln , 1988), p.63.

Keith B. Griffin , 'World hunger and the world economy', in W. Ladd Hollist and F. LaMond Tullis (eds), Pursuing Food Security: strategies and obstacles in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East ( Boulder, Co., 1987), p.32.

For a detailed defence of this argument, see Frances Moore Lappe , Rachel Schurman and Kevin Danaher , Betraying the National Interest (New York, 1987).

Usda , World Food Needs and A vailabilities, 1987/88 (1987), p.14.

AID Mission to Somalia, 'An evaluation of the United States government's Title I food aid program to Somalia', (September 1984);

also see, 'US food aid reaches rich and poor', African Business (August 1986).

Usda , FA TUS: Foreign agricultural trade of the US (Washington DC, 1988 ), p.8.

15 'Grain prices aren't wilting after all', Business Week (28 March 1988), p.81.

League of Rural Voters , 'US Farm Policy and World Hunger' (1985).

Steve Askin , 'Trade subsidies threaten African farmers' , Journal of Commerce (12 January 1987).

Joseph Hanlon , Mozambique: the revolution under fire (London, 1984), p.268.

Mark Ritchie , 'Alternatives to agricultural trade war', CAP Briefing, Catholic Institute for International Relations (No. 4/5, 1987), pp.6-7.

Ibid., p.4.

Ibid., p.5.

European Ecumenical Organisation for Development, Antenna , (No.6, 1987).

Raymond F. Hopkins , 'Food security, policy options and the evolution of state responsibility', in F. LaMond Tullis and W. Ladd Hollist (eds), Food, the State, and International Political Economy (Lincoln, Nebraska, 1986), pp.25-26.

David K. Willis , 'Link between aid terms and riots in Africa' , Christian Science Monitor (16 April 1985), p.1.

Susan George , Ill Fares the Land: essays on food, hunger and power (Washington DC, 1984), pp.3-4.

Jack Doyle , Altered Harvest: agriculture, genetics and the fate of the world's food supply (New York, 1985). p.272.

'Tropical farmers look to the past', Business Week (1 September 1986), p.51.

Sterling Wortman , 'World food and nutrition: the scientific and technological base', Science (Vol. 209, July 4, 1980), p.159.

Keith B. Griffin ,'World hunger ...' op.cit., p.31.

See chapter 4 of Trading the Future: farm exports and the concentration of economic power in our food system (San Francisco, 1983).

World Development Report 1986, p.11.

UNCTAD Statistical Pocket Book, p.39.

In the US the National Save the Family Farm Coalition is a Washington-based group representing 46 rural organisations in 32 states. For names of allied groups in Canada and Europe, contact Interfaith Action for Economic Justice, 110 Maryland Avenue, NE, Washington DC 20002.

Interfaith Action for Economic Justice, 'World Food Crisis Revisited' (25 February 1988), p.3.