D. Landes, The Unbound Prometheus: technological change and industrial development in Western Europe from 1750 to the present (Cambridge, 1969).
2.
K. Polanyi, The great transformation: the political and economic origins of our time (Boston, 1957).
3.
Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. 1 (Moscow , 1954).
4.
World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future (Oxford and New York, 1987).
5.
See P. Bialkie, The Political Economy of Soil Erosion in Developing Countries ( London, 1982);
6.
R. Garcia et al, Drought and Man, 2 vols ( International Federation of Advanced Studies, 1981-2);
7.
W.M. Mariam, Rural vulnerability to famine in Ethiopia 1958-1977 ( New Delhi, 1984) and
8.
A. Sen, Poverty and famine: an essay, on entitlement and deprivation ( Oxford, 1981).
9.
R. Baker, 'Protecting the environment against the poor: the historical roots of soil erosion orthodoxy in the Third World', Ecologist (Vol. 14, no. 2, 1984).
10.
N. Shanmugaratnam, 'Colonial agrarian changes and underdevelopment' in C. Abeysekera (ed.), Capital and Peasant Production: studies in continuity and discontinuity of agrarian structures (Colombo, 1985).
11.
R.W. Franke and B.H. Chasin, 'Peanuts, peasants, profits and pastoralists' Ecologist (Vol. 11, 1981).
12.
H. Bernstein, 'Notes on capital and peasantry' in J. Harris (ed.), Rural development: theories of peasant economy and agrarian change (London, 1982).
13.
J. Harris, Capitalism and peasant farming: agrarian structure and ideology in Northern Tamil Nadu (Bombay, 1982).
14.
A. de Janvry, Agrarian question and reformism in Latin America ( Baltimore , 1981).
15.
Blaikie, op. cit.
16.
Y. Hayami and V. Ruttan, Agricultural development. an international perspective ( Baltimore, 1981);
17.
R. Krishna, 'Some aspects of agricultural growth, price policy and equity', Food Research Institute Studies in Agricultural Economics, Trade and Development (Vol. 18, no. 3, 1982).
18.
Blaikie, op. cit.
19.
G. Leach and R. Mearns, Bioenergy Issues and Options for Africa (International Institute for Environment and Development, 1988).
20.
S.G. Bunker , Underdeveloping the Amazon: extraction, unequal exchange, and the failure of the modern state (Urbana , 1984).
21.
N. Myers and D. Myers, 'Increasing awareness of the supranational nature of emerging environmental issues', Ambio (Vol. 11, no.4, 1982).
22.
R. Repetto and T. Holmes, 'The role of population in resource depletion in developing countries', Population and Development Review (Vol. 9, no. 4, December 1983).
23.
R. Repetto, 'Creating incentives for sustainable forest development', Ambio (Vol. 16, nos 2-3, 1987 ).
24.
Repetto, cited in S. Hansen, 'Macro-frameworks for energy policies', paper presented at the seminar on Bioenergy, NORAGRIC, Aas (1988).
25.
Repetto and Holmes, op.cit.
26.
M. De Vroey and N. Shanmugaratnam , 'Peasant resettlement in Sri Lanka' (Louvain La Neuve, Tricontinental Centre, 1984 ).
27.
International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), World conservauon strategy living resource conservation for sustainable development (IUCN - UNEP-WWF, 1980).
28.
L.R. Brown and E.C. Wolf, 'Soil erosion: quiet crisis in the world economy', World Watch paper 60 ( World Watch Institute, 1984).
29.
Cited in ibid.
30.
Ibid.
31.
Iucn, The IUCN Sahel Report (1986).
32.
R. Garcia et al, op. cit.
33.
Iucn (1986), op. cit.
34.
P.F. Owen'Drought and desertification in Africa', Oikos (33, Copenhagen1979).
35.
World Bank, Desertification in the Sahelian and Sudanian zones, (1985).
36.
Franke and Chasin, op. cit.
37.
Iucn (1986) , op. cit.
38.
Franke and Chasin, op. cit.
39.
Ibid.
40.
J. Swift, 'Desertification and man in the Sahel', Africa Development (Vol. 1, no. 2, 1976).
