US foreign policy and Grenada

'Leader's spirit lurks over a new Grenada', Los Angeles Times (4 December 1983).

'Soviet penetration of the Caribbean', National Security Record, The Heritage Foundation (No. 22, June 1980).

'A new inter-American policy for the eighties', prepared by the Committee of Santa Fe, part of the Council for Inter-American Security Inc. (1980).

Jenny Pearce , Under the Eagle (Boston, 1982), p. 73.

Ibid.

James Phillips , 'Renovation of the international economic order: Trilateralism, the IMF, and Jamaica', in Holly Sklar (ed.), Trilateralism: the Trilateral Commission and elite planning for world management (Boston, 1980), p. 478.

Ibid.

Norman Girvan and Richard Bernal , 'The IMF and the foreclosure of development options: the case of Jamaica', Monthly Review (Vol. 33, no. 9, 1982), pp. 34-48.

Members of the New Jewel Movement opposed the Westminster parliamentary model in the years prior to the 1979 revolution and continued to discuss alternatives afterwards. Though the PRG was criticised in the West for not sponsoring national elections, mass public participation was encouraged through the Workers' Parish Councils and other participatory forms. The greatest success of these alternative forms of mass participation came with the adoption of the budget plan for the country of 1983. For a discussion of the process of this grass roots participation, see Merle Hodge and Chris Searle , 'is freedom we making': the New Democracy in Grenada ( Grenada, 1981).

'Economic Memorandum on Grenada', document of the World Bank (4 August 1982), p. 15.

Ibid.

EPICA Task Force , Grenada: the peaceful revolution (1982), p. 59. EPICA points out the frequent use of the press in US covert action (p. 60): 'The United States has a long record of using the "free press" in foreign countries to facilitate coups, interventions and destabilisations by running articles which create fear of communism among the local population. This happened with El Mercurion in Chile during the government of Salvador Allende; with El Caribe in the Dominican Republic during the regime of Juan Bosch; and with The Gleaner in Jamaica during the second administration of Michael Manley. While at the local level, the Torchlight charged that the PRG was being "ultra-sensitive" and "overreacting", in the larger hemispheric sense, the PRG claim that the Torchlight "was a CIA asset" was accurate and justified taking national security precautions.'

Ibid. p. 62-3. The leadership of the following unions had been trained by AIFLD: TAWU (Technical and Allied Workers' Union), TUC (Grenada's Trade Union Council), SWWU (Seamen and Waterfront Workers Union), Taxi Drivers Union, and CIWU (Commercial and Industrial Workers Union).

Nicaragua, too, has attempted to develop an approach to economic development leaving intact the private sector. The US wasted no time in channelling funds to these individuals through the Nicaraguan Council of Private Enterprise, which committed acts of destabilisation inside the country's capital city.

A British firm, Plessey Airports, designed the airport and acted as the prime contractor ; a Florida-based firm was paid $3m to dredge Harley Bay which the airport runway crossed; a British firm was responsible for the electronics, at a cost of £7.8m and a Finnish firm would supply the runway lighting at a cost of 10.5 Finnish Marks.

For background information on Walter Rodney, see Trevor Campbell , 'The making of an organic intellectual: Walter Rodney (1942-1980)', Latin American Perspectives (Vol. VIII, no. 1, Winter, 1981).

Newsweek(12 December 1983), p. 33.

Cathy Sunshine and Philip Wheaton , Death of a Revolution: an analysis of the Grenada tragedy and the US invasion, EPICA Special Report (January 1984), p. 24.

Ibid, p. 24.

A progressive independent newspaper, Indies Times, has been circulating in Grenada, though its future is threatened by US and Grenadian government suppression. Information on the termination of the PRG programmes comes from the 14 April 1984 issue of Indies Times.

EPICA Special Report, January 1984, op. cit., p.24.

Ibid, p.26.

Indies Times (14 April 1984), p.l.