Turkey: the crisis of the neo-colonial system

See Berch Berberoglu , 'State Capitalism and National Industrialisation in Turkey', Development and Change (Vol. 11, no. 1, January 1980 ), pp.97-121.

See Washington Post (23 May 1966), and John Kelly , 'CIA and Labor in Turkey', Counter Spy (Vol. 4, no. 2, Spring 1980).

International Labour Organisation , Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1977 ( Geneva, 1977), Table 27, p.850.

The Turkish press reported 'rumours' of a meeting on 11 March between the military commanders, Ambassador Handley and Richard Helms, Director of the CIA, at the US Embassy in Ankara — thus implicating the CIA in the 12 March intervention. See F. Ahmad , The Turkish Experiment in Democracy, 1950-1975 (Boulder, Co., 1977), p.265, f.56.

J. Cousins , Turkey: Torture and Political Persecution (London , 1973).

Founded in 1961, OYAK became a large conglomerate in a short period of time, thanks to the requirement that regular officers in the armed forces must invest 10 per cent of their salaries in the fund, to be reimbursed at a later date. See C. Keyder , 'The Political Economy of Turkish Democracy' , New Left Review (No. 115, May-June 1979), p.30;

I.C. Schick and E.A. Tonak , 'Turkish Politics and Class Struggle: 1950-1975', MERIP Reports (No. 84, January 1980 ), p.17.

Oyak , Onuncu Yil (Ankara, 1971); Time (11 September 1972), p.73.

United Nations , Yearbook of International Trade Statistics, 1977( New York, 1978), p.923.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) , Turkey, (Paris, 1978), and Turkiye Is Bankasi, Review of Economic Conditions, 1979, No. 4 (Ankara, 1979).

Oecd , Turkey

. Euromoney (June 1979).

Quoted in Turkey Today (No. 44, March 1979). According to Euromoney (June 1979), p.42, after all the current rescheduling of the debt by the IMF and western banks, Turkey would still have to pay from $1.5 billion to $2 billion in debt servicing alone each year until 1986.

Guardian (New York, 6 February 1980), p.12;

Workers World, (4 January 1980), p.13.

State Institute of Statistics , Statistical Pocket Book of Turkey, 1974 (Ankara, 1975).

Oecd , Turkey , p.31.

R. Yurukoglu , Turkey — weak link of imperialism (London , 1978).

Oecd , Turkey , p.52;

Turkiye Is Bankasi , op. cit., p.28.

Workers World (4 January 1980), p.13.

R. Yurukoglu , op. cit.

Ibid., p.154.

Ibid., pp.75-6;

Iscinin Sesi (Worker's Voice), (8 October 1979), p.15.

Commission on Employment and Manpower , Report of the Special Commission on Employment and Manpower ( Ankara, 1973).

Statement by the Minister of Social Security, quoted in Turkey Today (No. 44, March 1979.

'Economy on the Brink' , Turkey Today (No. 44, March 1979), p.6.

Ilo , Year Book of Labour Statistics, 1978 (Geneva, 1978), p.628.

J. Chediac , 'Turkey On the Road to Revolution', Workers World (22 February 1980), p.7. The 2,500 deaths for the past two years compare with 510 killed over the previous decade. In connection with the CIA's role in this context, S. Benhabib points out that 'Former military prosecutor and Supreme Court Justice Emin Deger has detailed collaboration between the Bozkurts [the NAP commandos] and government counter-guerrilla units, and the close ties of the latter with the Central Intelligence Agency of the U.S.'

S. Benhabib , 'Right-wing Groups Behind Political Violence in Turkey', MERIP Reports (No. 77, May 1979), p.17.

R. Yurukoglu , op. cit., p.118.

'Government Declares War on May Day', Turkey Today, (No. 45-6, April-May 1979).

'Istanbul Under Occupation', in ibid.

'Strikes, Occupations and Mass Arrests Characterise This Year's Collective Bargaining', Turkey Today (No. 48, Autumn 1979), p.7.

J. Chediac , 'Turkish Government Brutality Suppresses Demonstrations' , Workers World (4 January 1980);

People's World (5 January and 19 January 1980);

also see, New York Times (25 December 1979).

New York Times (25 December 1979).

J. Chediac , 'Turkey on the Road to Revolution', Workers World (22 February 1980);

also see, Iscinin Sesi (27 February 1980), pp. 1-4.