Sam Mhlongo, 'Black Workers' Strikes in Southern Africa', New Left Review (No. 83, Jan-Feb 1974).
2.
K. Marx & F. Engels, Selected Works (London, 1968), p. 44.
3.
1973 Survey of Race Relations in South Africa (Johannesburg , 1974), p. 49. (This is an annual publication of the South African Institute of Race Relations.)
4.
1972 Survey of Race Relations in South Africa, p. 161. The number of pass arrests is falling. In 1969, there were 1,019,629 arrests, as against 615,075 in the year 1970-1. Why the 'leniency? The rapidly expanding manufacturing sector needs a skilled and permanently settled work force. The capitalists cannot afford the rapid turnover and waste of skilled, semi-skilled and trainee labour which would be the case if there were no 'leniency'. Because of the Government's and the capitalists' alliance with the white working class, the training and urbanization on a permanent basis of the black proletariat takes place clandestinely, by calculated deception and chicanery. Another reason for this 'leniency' is the spectre of Sharpeville.
5.
Mhlongo, op.cit.
6.
Star (Johannesburg), 18 June 1974.
7.
1972 Survey of Race Relations in South Africa, p. 287.
8.
1970 Survey of Race Relations in South Africa, p. 111.
9.
M.W. Wilson & L. Thompson, Oxford History of South Africa (London, 1971), Vol, II, pp. 141, 161.
10.
Robert Davies, 'The White Working Class in South Africa, New Left Review (No. 82, Nov-Dec 1973).
11.
Guardian, 12 March 1973.
12.
Star (Johannesburg), 30 June 1972.
13.
E.J. Hobsbawm and George Rude, Captain Swing (London , 1969), p. 195.
14.
In 1860, the British had no alternative but to import Indian slave labour, which was euphemistically referred to as indentured labour since slavery had been 'abolished' in the Empire in 1834. This Hobson's choice arose because the Zulus refused to work in the plantations. At the time, the Zulu economic and military structures were still intact. Indeed, as late as 1879, the Zulus were inflicting defeats on the British army.
15.
Star (Johannesburg), 11 September 1973.
16.
1971 Survey of Race Relations in South Africa, p. 226.
17.
Ibid, p. 36.
18.
J.A. Hobson, The War in South Africa (London, 1900 ), p. 285. This deals with the Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902. Because Hobson championed the Boer cause and was at the same time an apologist for British imperialism, he inferred very strongly that the war was fought for Jewish business interests. He said nothing about President Kruger's Industrial Colour Bar legislation of 1893.
19.
Ralph Miliband , The State in Capitalist Society ( London, 1973), p. 167.
20.
Financial Mail (Johannesburg), 28 August 1970.
21.
Guardian, 18 April 1973.
22.
Ibid.
23.
1970 Survey of Race Relations in South Africa, p. 151.
24.
Ibid, p. 153.
25.
1973 Survey of Race Relations in South Africa, p. 174.
26.
Rand Daily Mail, 11 April 1958. The statement was issued by A.J. Luthuli, then President of the African National Congress.
27.
T. Nairn, 'Scotland and Europe', New Left Review (No. 83, Jan-Feb 1974), p. 65.
28.
Tom Karis & G. Carter (eds.), From Protest to Challenge ( Hoover Institution Press), Vol. II, pp. 126, 314-5, 318.
29.
See Mhlongo, op.cit., for further details about the strikes.
30.
Karl Marx, Capital (Moscow, 1965) Vol. I, p. 737.
31.
Ibid, p. 737.
32.
V. Lenin, The Organisational Principles of a Proletarian Party ( Moscow, 1972), p. 81.
33.
Ibid, p. 78.
34.
For the CPSA's adoption of the 'two-stage' theory of revolution see 'Road to Freedom', an African Communist pamphlet. (The African Communist is the CPSA's theoretical journal.)
