The Vietnamese Revolution and Some Lessons

Race (Vol. XV, no. 4, April 1974), p. 400.

Le Thanh Khoi, Le Viet-Nam, Histoire et Civilisation ( Paris, 1955), pp. 84-5.

Joseph Needham , Science and Civilisation in China (Cambridge, 1954), Vol. I, pp. 89, 96 and 242.

Uy Ban Khoa Hoc Xa Hoi Viet Nam (Vietnam Committee for Social Sciences), Lich Su Viet Nam (History of Vietnam) (Hanoi, 1971), Vol, I, p. 70.

Lich Su Viet Nam, Vol. I, p. 81.

Le Thanh Khoi, op.cit., pp. 210-16; Foreign Languages Publishing House , Viet Nam: A Historical Sketch (Hanoi, 1974), pp. 68-71 and 79-82.

Lich Su Viet Nam, p. 252.

Ibid, p. 244.

Nguyen Trai , 'Binh Ngo Dai Cao' ('Proclamation of Victory over the Ngo (Ming)') in Viet Nam: A Historical Sketch, p. 92.

Such ideas as I have about the Vietnamese commune are borrowed, with gratitude, from Nguyen Khac Vien, Nguyen Dong Chi and Nguyen Khac Dam.

For some references to publications in which this important question was discussed, see Phan Gia Ben , La Recherche Historique en Republique Démocratique du Vietnam, 1953-1963 (Hanoi, 1965), pp. 64-8. See also, Lich Su Vietnam, passim.

Vo Nhan Tri , Croissance Economique de la République Démocratique du Vietnam Vietnam (Hanoi, 1967), particularly Ch. III, 1. See also Le Chau , Le Vietnam Socialiste, une économie de transition (Paris, 1966).

David G. Marr , Vietnamese Anticolonialism, 1885-1925 (University of California, 1971), Ch. 3.

Jean Lacouture , Ho Chi Minh (Harmondsworth , 1969), pp. 43-56. For a fuller account, in English, see Huynh Kim Khanh , Vietnamese Communism: the pre-power phase (1925-1945) (Ph. D. Thesis, University of California, 1972).

Tran Van Giau, in conversation.

Particularly Tran Van Giau , Giai Cap Cong Nhan Viet Nam ( Hanoi, 1958).

Bui Huu Khanh and Ngo Van Hoa, in conversation.

Lacouture, op. cit., p. 199.

Ibid., pp. 89ff.

Nguyen Ai Quoc ( Ho Chi Minh ), Le Procés de la Colonisation Francaise (Hanoi, 1946), quoted in J.S. Spiegler , Aspects of Nationalist Thought among French-Speaking West Africans, 1921-1939 (D. Phil. Thesis, Oxford University, 1968), p. 109.

This paragraph is based on discussion with Le Si Thang and Vu Khien. For another view, see Nguyen Khac Vien , 'Confucianisme et Marxisme', in Jean Chesneaux, Georges Boudarel, Daniel Héméry, Tradition et Revolution au Vietnam ( Paris, 1971).

'President Ho Chi Minh's Testament', in Vietnam ( 1969), p. 11.

Joseph Needham , Science and Civilisation in China ( Cambridge, 1956), Vol.II, p. 165.

Joseph Buttinger , The Smaller Dragon (New York, 1958), p. 13.

Le Quan Ba , 'Reminiscences of Underground Revolutionary Work' in Mountain Regions and National Minorities (Vietnamese Studies, 15, Hanoi, 1968), p. 47.

Ibid., pp. 51-2.