Differential Political and Economic Patterns of Ethnic and Race Relations: A Cross-National Analysis

Cynthia H. Enloe , Ethnic Conflict and Political Development (Boston, 1973);

A. Rabushka and K.A. Shepsle , Politicis in Plural Societies: A Theory of Democratic Instability (Columbus, 1971);

Donald G. Morrison & H.M. Stevenson , 'Integration and Instability: Patterns of African Political Development' American Political Science Review , 46 (September 1972 );

Karl W. Deutsch and William T. Foltz , Nation-Building (Chicago , 1966).

Robert Blauner , 'Internal Colonialism and Ghetto Revolt ,' Social Problems, 16 (Summer, 1969);

Raymond S. Franklin and Solomon Rosnik , The Political Economy of Racism (New York, 1973).

Gerald D. Bereman , 'Race, Caste, and Other Invidious Distinctions in Social Stratification,' Race (Vol. XIII, No. 4), pp. 385-414.

See O.C. Cox , Caste, Class, and Race: A Study in Social Dynamics ( New York, 1948);

and James Boggs , Racialism and the Class Struggle: Further Pages From a Black Worker's Notebook (New York, 1970);

Paul Baran and Paul M. Sweezy , 'Monopoly Capitalism and Race Relations' in David Mermelstein, (ed.), Economics: Mainstream Readings and Radical Critiques ( New York, 1970);

John C. Leggett , Class, Race and Labor (New York, 1968 ).

Leo Kuper , 'Political Change in Plural Societies: Problems of Racial Pluralism ,' International Social Science Journal , 23 (December, 1971), pp. 594-607.

Robert Blauner , op. cit., pp. 393-408;

Joan M. Moore , 'Colonialism: The Case of the Mexican American,' Social Problems, 17 (Spring, 1970), pp. 461-71.

Harold Isaacs , 'Color in World Affairs,' Foreign Affairs, 37 (January, 1969), pp. 235-50;

H. Isaacs , 'Group Identity and Political Change: The Role of Color and Physical Characteristics ,' Daedalus, 46 (Spring, 1967), pp. 353-75.

Also see the contributions to the issue 'Color and Race,' 46(Spring, 1967). On color images in the Western Hemisphere,

H. Hoetink , The Two Variants in Caribbean Race Relations ( London, 1967);

and George W. Shepherd, Jr. , and Tilden J. Lemelle, (eds.), Race Among Nations: A Conceptual Approach (New York, 1970).

Christopher Bagley , 'Racialism and Pluralism: A Dimensional Analysis of Forty-eight Countries,' Race , XIII(April, 1972), pp. 347-54.

Marie Haug , 'Social and Cultural Pluralism as a Concept in Social System Analysis ,' American Journal of Sociology , 73 (November, 1967 ), pp. 294-304.

Pierre Van den Berghe , Race and Ethnicity ( New York, 1971), p. 16.

J.S. Furnival , Colonial Policy and Practice: A Comparative Study of Burma and Netherlands (London, 1948).

M.G. Smith , 'Social and Cultural Pluralism,' Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 83 (1960), pp. 763-85.

Pierre Van den Berghe , 'Pluralism and the Polity: A Theoretical Exploration,' in Leo Kuper and M.G. Smith, (eds.), Pluralism in Africa (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1969).

Kuper , op. cit.

Kuper , op. cit.

T. Shibutani and K.M. Kwan , Ethnic Stratification: A Comparative Approach (New York, 1965); also see the contributions to the issue 'Race and Stratification ,' Race, XIII (April, 1972).

R.A. Schermerhorn , 'A Polarity in the Approach to Comparative Research in Ethnic Relations,' Sociology and Social Research , 23 (January, 1967 );

D. Lockwood , 'Race, Conflict and Plural Society,' in Sami Zubaida, (ed.), Race and Racialism (London, 1970);

Hubert M. Blalock , Toward a Theory of Minority-Group Relations (New York, 1970).

Schermerhorn , op. cit., p. 238.

See P.E. Jacob and J.V. Toscone , The Integration of Political Communities (Philadelphia, 1964).

Leo Kuper and M.G. Smith , op. cit.;

E.B. Haas , The Uniting of Europe: Political, Social, and Economic Forces ( Stanford, 1958);

Arendt Lijphart , 'Cultural Diversity and Theories of Political Integration' Canadian Journal of Political Science, (March, 1971), pp. 1-14.

Karl Deutsch Nationalism and Social Communication: An Inquiry Into the Foundations of Nationality (Cambridge, Mass., 1954).

. Northrop , European Union and Unites States Foreign Policy: A Study in Sociological Jurisprudence (New York , 1954).

Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba , The Civil Culture ( Princeton, 1963);

Gabriel Almond and G. Bingham Powell , Jr. , Comparative Politics: A Development Approach (Boston, 1966).

A. Etzioni , Political Unification ( New York, 1965 );

K.C. Wheare , Federal Government (N.Y., 1964 );

W.H. Riker , Federalism: Origin, Operation, Significance (Boston , 1964).

Alvin Rabushka and Kenneth A. Shepsle , Politics in Plural Societies: A Theory of Democratic Instability (Columbus , 1971).

Ibid., p. 67.

Pierre Van den Berghe , op. cit.;

Richard A. Schermerhorn , op. cit.;

Philip Mason , Patterns of Dominance (London, 1971).

For an excellent discussion of the Hobbesian world see, John Orbell and Brent Rutherford , 'Can Leviathan Make the Life of Man Less Solitary, Poore, Nasty, Brutish and Short?' British Journal of Political Science, forthcoming.

Talcott Parsons and K.B. Clark, (eds.), The Negro American (Boston, 1965).

P.A. Baran and P. Sweezy , Monopoly Capital ( New York, 1966).

John Rex , 'The Concept of Race in Sociological Theory '

in Sami Zubaida , op. cit.;

and Race Relations in Sociological Theory (London, 1970);

David Lockwood , 'Race,

Conflict, and Plural Societies,' op. cit.;

T. Shibutani and K. Kwan , op. cit.

Schermerhorn , op. cit.

Pierre Van den Berghe , op. cit.

Donald G. Morrison and H.M. Stevenson , Integration and Instability: Patterns of African Political Development,' American Political Science Review, 46 (September, 1972);

Rabushka and Shepsle , op. cit.

For a description of the components of cultural pluralism see, C.W. Anderson , F.R. Von der Mehden and Crawford Young , Issues of Political Development (Englewood Cliffs , 1967);

Marie Haug , op. cit.

Sources: Donald D. Brand , 'The Present Indian Population of Latin America' in Some Educational and Anthropological Aspects of Latin America (Austin, 1967);

Worldmark's Encyclopedia of the Nations (New York, 1971);

United Nations , Demographic Yearbook (Department of Economics and Social Affairs, 1957 and 1963).

Sources: Walker Connor , 'Ethnology and the Peace of South Asia ,' World Politics, 12 (October, 1969), pp. 51-86;

Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations, op. cit.;

United Nations , op. cit.;

C.L. Taylor and M.C. Hudson , World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators ( New Haven, 1972), pp. 271-3.

Sources: J.A. Fischman and C.A. Ferguson , Language Problems of Developing Nations (London, 1968 );

Walter Connor , op. cit.

Sources: Hudson and Taylor , op. cit., pp. 275-81;

Worldmakr Encylopedia of the Nations, op. cit.;

United Nations , op. cit.;

David E. Sopher , Geography of Religions

. Brent Rutherford , 'Time Variance Estimation: Comparing Scalograms and Psychometric Models by Monte Carlo Simulation of Respondent Behavior' paper delivered at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association (Chicago, 1971).

Orbell and Rutherford , op. cit.

Arthur S. Banks and Robert B. Textor , A Cross-Polity Survey (Cambridge, Mass., 1963). The indicators are: 1) Interest articulation by associational groups, 2) Associational group power, 3) Interest articulation by institutional groups, 4) Interest articulation by non-associational groups, 5) Interest articulation by political parties, and 7) Horizontal power distubution. Using factor analysis it was found that the seven indicators were a single factor.

See Orbell and Rutherford's discussion on Political Violence , op. cit.

Ted Robert Gurr , 'A Comparative Study of Civil Strife, ' Chapter 17 of Violence in America. The Critical Report to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence (June, 1969).

Rudolph J. Rummel , 'Dimensions of Conflict Behavior Within and Between Nations' Ludwig van Bertalanaffy and Anatol Rappaport (eds.), General Systems: Yearbook of the Society for General Systems Research (Vol. VIII, 1963), pp. 1-50.

Ivo. K. Fierabend , Rosalind L. Fierabend , and Betty A. Nesvold , 'Social Change and Political Violence: Cross-National Patterns,' Chapter 18 in Violence in America, op. cit.

Orbell and Rutherford , op. cit., p. 23.

Banks and Textor , op. cit. They distinguish three degrees of political enculturation: A) High, B) Medium, and C) Low.

Hudson and Taylor , op. cit., pp. 263-5.

Walker Connor , 'Nation-Building or Nation-Destroying? ' World Politics, 24 (April 1972). p. 320.

Arnold Toynbee , 'Is a "Race War" Shaping up?' The New York Times Magazine, (29 September, 1963 ).

Hoetink , op. cit.;

Stanley M. Elkins , Slavery (New York, 1963).

Eugene Genovese , The Political Economy of Slavery (New York, 1967).

Marie Haug , op. cit.

Donald Rothchild , 'Ethnicity and Conflict Resolution ,' World Politics, 12 (July, 1970), pp. 597-616.

Philip Mason , op. cit.

Nathan Glazier , 'Blacks and Ethnic Groups: The Difference, and the Political Difference It Makes,' Social Problems , 18 (Spring, 1971 ), pp. 444-61.

Herbert Blauner , op. cit.