R. Koebner and H.D. Schmidt, Imperialism (London, Cambridge University Press, 1964), p. 89.
3.
See Lord Hailey's remarks about the term 'partnership', in Hailey, An African Survey (revised 1956) (London, Oxford University Press, 1957), pp. 185-186.
4.
Lord Chandos, The Memoirs of Lord Chandos (London, Bodley Head, 1962), p. 388.
See Lennox Boyd's speech in the 1956 Conservative Conference. The National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations. The 76th Annual Conference Held in Llandudno (Official Report).
16.
Wind of Change, by a Conservative Group, Conservative Political Centre, April 1960, p. 7.
17.
The Sunday Telegraph, 26 February 1961.
18.
See The Next Five Years, the Manifesto of the Conservative and Unionist Party, London1959.
19.
Wind of Change, op. cit., p. 30.
20.
Cmnd. 1148, Chap. 3, Par. 34.
21.
See 'Men and Ideas in Kenya Today', by Silvanus Robinson, Race and Power, published by the Bow Group, London1956, p. 59; James Lemkin's speech in the Conservative Conference in Scarborough, The 79th Annual Conference, p. 15, and Nigel Fisher's speech in the House of Commons, Vol. 629 H.C., col. 447.
22.
40 Members of Parliament (19 Conservatives, 20 Labour, 1 Liberal) visited Rhodesia in tours organized and financed by Voice and Vision. See 'Pressure Politics', by Ian Waller, Encounter, August 1962.
23.
The Times, 26 April 1961.
24.
See The Times, 26 April 1961.
25.
The Times, 26 April 1961.
26.
See Cmnd. 530, Par. 20.
27.
For example: Biggs Davison, M.P. argued that out of despair of the multi-racial experiment Southern Rhodesia might be 'drawn willi-nilly towards South Africa'. See The Daily Telegraph, 15 March 1961.
28.
Alport, op. cit., p. 89.
29.
See Vol. 637 H.C., col. 463, Robin Turton's speech.
30.
See Macmillan's 'Wind of Change' speech in Cape Town, in The Prime Minister on Africa's Problems (London, Conservative and Unionist Central Office, 1960), pp. 8-19.
31.
Vol. 637 H.C., col. 529.
32.
The 79th Annual Conference, Scarborough, p. 17.
33.
See Lord Malvern's address to the Conference on the administration of non-European Affairs in September 1955. Commonwealth and Colonial Affairs, No. 31, October 1955, pp. 1-2, and Welensky, op. cit., p. 38.
34.
Vol. 229 H.L., col. 124.
35.
Vol. 637 H.C., col. 528.
36.
Vol. 229 H.L., col. 1230.
37.
Quoted in Commonwealth and Colonial Affairs, No. 75, December 1959, p. 4.
38.
Vol. 637 H.C., col. 443.
39.
Vol. 637 H.C., col. 444.
40.
Vol. 229 H.L., col. 1333.
41.
Such an attitude was demonstrated by some Tories in the House of Commons and House of Lords debates on South Africa's secession from the Commonwealth. Victor Montagu, M.P. spoke about 'the positive sides of apartheid', Vol. 637 H.C., cols. 480-482; Lord Fraser of Lonsdale claimed that 'apartheid is not different in essence from partition', Vol. 229 H.L., col. 1263; at least one M.P. (S. L. C. Maydon), Vol. 637 H.C., col. 514, and two Peers (Lord Brand and Lord Barenby), Vol. 229 H.L., col. 1261 and col. 1274, referred to the questions of 'intermarriage' and 'intermixture of races' as an explanation if not a justification of apartheid and the latter even maintained that the 'colour question must inevitably dominate this whole matter'.
42.
James Lemkin : 'Trinity without Unanimity', Crossbow, New Year 1959, pp. 41-42.
43.
'No one believes in the British mission in Africa more passionately than I do,' claimed Lord Salisbury in March 1961. Vol. 229 H.L., col. 305.
44.
See Lord Salisbury's letter to The Sunday Express, 26 February 1961.
45.
For typical expressions of this attitude, see The Daily Express , 21 February 1961; The 79th Annual Conference, Scarborough, p. 13 (Mrs. Barrington's speech).
46.
See Lord Salisbury's letter to The Daily Telegraph, 21 September 1964.
47.
Vol. 229 H.L., col. 1278.
48.
Lord Chandos, op. cit., p. 395.
49.
Ibid., p. 352.
50.
Vol. 229 H.L., col. 466 (Lord Coleraine).
51.
See letters by R. Grosvenor, M.P. in The Times, 1 March 1961, and by Lord Selbome in The Times, 22 February 1961.
52.
See The Daily Telegraph, 14 February 1961 .
53.
W. Deeds, M.P. in a letter to The Daily Telegraph, 10 March 1961.
54.
Vol. 635 H.C., col. 550 (Ronald Russell, M.P.).
55.
Biggs Davison , M.P. in a letter to The Daily Telegraph, 15 March 1961.
56.
Vol. 222 H.L., col. 375.
57.
Vol. 229 H.L., col. 422 (Lord Milverton).
58.
Vol. 218 H.L., col. 842 (Lord Twining).
59.
The Times, 1 November 1956.
60.
Sir Michael Blundell, So Rough a Wind ( London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964), p. 276.
61.
Lord Malvern's (Sir Godfrey Huggins) address to the Conference of Administration of Non-European Affairs in Salisbury, 20 September 1955. See Commonwealth and Colonial Affairs, No. 31, October 1955, pp. 1-2.
62.
Blundell, op. cit., p. 276.
63.
See Report of Joint Select Commission on Closer Union in East Africa, 1931, pp. 25-35.
64.
See Welensky, op. cit., p. 38.
65.
This kind of argument was used by Ronald Russell, M.P., Vol. 635 H.C., col. 552; and by Lord Robins in a letter to The Times, 21 February 1961.
66.
See The 79th Annual Conference, Scarborough, p. 12.
67.
Vol. 637 H.C., col. 483 (Victor Montagu, M.P.).
68.
See for example The National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations, The 77th Annual Conference, Brighton , p. 105 ( Colin Baillieu's speech).
69.
Race and Power, op. cit., p. 7.
70.
E.g. 'Africa', an article by C. Lawton in Crossbow, Spring 1959, p. 41.
71.
'Britain and Africa' (editorial), Crossbow, Spring 1960 , p. 7.
72.
The Daily Telegraph, 11 May 1961.
73.
The Daily Telegraph, 15 May 1961.
74.
An address to the meeting of the Joint Commonwealth Societies, 13 April 1960. African Affairs, July 1960, p. 193.
75.
Ibid., p. 200. See also M. H. Macmillan, Wind of Change, 1914-1939, pp. 21-22.
76.
Lennox Boyd, 'Where is Britain Going', Overseas, November 1956.
77.
See lain Macleod's speech in the 1960Conservative Party Conference, The 79th Annual Conference, Scarborough , pp. 19-20.
