Correspondence

Robin Ward , 'A Note on the Testing of Discrimination', Race (Vol. XI, No. 2, October 1969).

PEP Report on Racial Discrimination (London, PEP, 1967). The Report was subsequently made the basis of a Penguin 'special', now re-issued in the Pelican series, W.W. Daniel , Racial Discrimination in England (Harmondsworth , Penguin, 1968). Formally a distinction should be drawn between these two publications and any criticism based on the more personal second version checked against the original Report.

Sheila Patterson , Immigration and Race Relations in Britain 1960-1967 ( London , Oxford University Press, for I.R.R., 1969); E.J.B. Rose and associates , Colour and Citizenship (London, Oxford University Press, for I.R.R., 1969).

One personal source of irritation with Ward's Note is the way that it perpetuates the not uncommon notion that the most significant, or even only significant, thing that we did was carry out a series ot situation tests. In fact the programme of research for the Report included the most substantial survey of coloured minorities ever carried out in the U.K. and also the most extensive survey of white 'influential' attitudes and behaviour. It is these surveys that give meaning to the test findings and a more general and enduring value to the Report. Any series of tests, however they are carried out, are unlikely to be very meaningful without these backgrounds.

W.W. Daniel and Santosh Mukherjee , Strategies for displaced employees ( London, PEP Broadsheet, January 1970), Chapter III, 'Patterns of job seeking'.

For instance, the very tables that Ward specifically identifies in footnote 8 of his Note refer to the tests based on the survey findings and not to those relating to accountants.

The relative importance attached to the two types of situation tests is made quite clear and can be illustrated by the fact that we did nearly three times as many of the first type and featured those findings in the general summary and conclusions.

'Report "exaggerated discrimination"' Guardian (18 March 1968). This item summarized a mimeographed paper, 'Racial Discrimination: costs and consequences', prepared by Ward and circulated to some sectors of the Press, which reported results of a survey that were claimed to be so strikingly different from our own that they led him to question our methods and conclusions. The item also carried some of our replies including the point that he had ignored the interviews with 'discriminators'.

This is odd as in an earlier paper (ibid.) Ward argued that he had just such evidence. I take it that, in so far as he now makes his starting point the publication of Colour and Citizenship and not his own findings, he now accepts that his survey which compared housing, jobs, rents, incomes of coloured and white people in Moss Side, Manchester, casts no doubt on our results.

Rose et al., op. cit. Chapter VII.

Correspondence in New Society (14 and 21 August 1969 ).

The relationship between prejudice and discrimination in employment described here is broadly similar to P. Wright , The Coloured Worker in British Industry (London, Oxford University Press, for I.R.R., 1968).

Eric Silver , 'How they sold the race act', Guardian (25 October 1968).

These points were made often by Jenkins in speeches during the two years before the 1968 Act: e.g. Meeting of Voluntary Liaison Committees, London, N.C.C.I., 23 May 1966, quoted in Rose et al., op. cit.; and speech at PEP Annual Dinner, London, December 1967.

Lord Stonham, House of Lords, 7 June 1967.

Rose et al., op. cit., p. 597.

One interesting point is that militant anti-coloured immigrant groups and individuals seem unable to accept the possibility of discrimination against coloured minorities. They therefore ignore or attack information such as that provided in our Report and do not use it in the way that Ward suggests, even though they could do, because to do so would be to accept an unacceptable idea.

Annual Report of the Race Relations Board, 1969.

W.W. Daniel , Racial Discrimination in England (Harmondsworth , Penguin Books, 1968).

E.J.B. Rose and associates , Colour and Citizenship: A Report on British Race Relations (London, Oxford University Press, for the the Institute of Race Relations , 1969).

Daily Telegraph (24 April 1967).

Daily Telegraph, ibid.

Sunday Telegraph (23 April 1967).

Sunday Telegraph (30 April 1967).

Sunday Times (7 May 1967).

Pep Report on Racial Discrimination (London, PEP, 1967), p. 29. The revised report, Racial Discrimination in England, does not include this quote, but the procedure adopted is exactly the same (cf. pp. 72-5).

PEP Report, op. cit. p. 2.

Cf. A.S. Barnett , C.G. Pickvance , and R.H. Ward , 'Some Factors Underlying Racial Discrimination in Housing: A Preliminary Report on Manchester ', Race, forthcoming.

J. Rex , 'The Formation of Ghettos in Britain's Cities', paper given to the Institute of Race Relations Conference, 20 September 1968.

E.J.B. Rose and associates , Colour and Citizenship: A Report on British Race Relations (London, Oxford University Press, for I.R.R., 1969).

D. Nandy , 'Separating dangerous myths from uncomfortable facts', New Statesman (11 July 1969), pp. 40-3.

N. Deakin , 'Colour and Citizenship', Race Today (August 1969), pp. iii-iv.

See the letters in New Society by John Rowan, Daniel Lawrence, and Mark Abrams of 14 August, 21 August, and 11 September 1969.

See, for example, the techniques reviewed by G.W. Bohrenstedt , 'A quick method for determining the reliability and validity of multiple-item scales ', American Sociological Review ( Vol. 34, 1969), pp. 542-8.

C. Bagley , Social Structure and Prejudice in Five English Boroughs ( London, Institute of Race Relations, Special Series, forthcoming).

G. Wilson and J. Patterson , 'A new measure of conservatism', British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology (Vol. 7, 1968), pp. 264-9.

Bohrenstedt, op. cit.

For this purpose the FA5 Program of the Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, was used. The analysis was carried out by the I.B.M. 70-90 Computer of Imperial College, London. For an exposition of the methods of Principal Components Analysis, see K. Hope , Methods of Multivariate Analysis (London, University of London Press , 1968).

C. Bagley , Race Relations and Social Structure in the Netherlands and Britain: A Comparative Study, in preparation.

D. Lawrence , 'How prejudiced are we?' Race Today (October 1969), pp. 174-6. Lawrence also questions Abrams's use of the concept of 'authoritarianism'.

See, for example, the Daily Mirror leader of 10 July 1969, cited by Lawrence, op. cit.