Occupational Change among Chinese in Melbourne

Census of New South Wales, 1901, Part 4, pp. 340-4.

Census of Victoria, 1901, Part IX, pp. 178-81.

J. Lyng , Non-Britishers in Australia (Melbourne, Macmillan Co., 1927), pp. 167-8.

This has been the case with market-gardens around Melbourne. Brighton, a suburb, used to have many Chinese gardens along the present Nepean highway; this area is now part of the metropolitan built-up area. See Weston Bates , A History of Brighton (Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, 1962), pp. 358-60.

For a description of the more important wholesale fruiterers of this period, see C.F. Yong , 'Chinese in New South Wales and Victoria, 1901-1921, with special reference to Sydney and Melbourne' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Australian National University, 1966).

N. G. Kwee Choo , for example, reported over 1,000 Chinese cafés in England. Chinese in London (London, Oxford University Press, for I.R.R., 1968), p. 27.

Several detailed works have been done on the Australian policy on non-European migration. For example, Myra Willard , History of the White Australian Policy (1923; reprinted Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, 1966); A.T. Yarwood , Asian Migration to Australia (1964; reprinted Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, 1967); A.C. Palfreeman , The Administration of the White Australian Policy (Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, 1967).

R.A. Lochore , From Europe to New Zealand (Wellington, Wellington and Reed Co., 1951), p. 23. Later elaborated by W.D. Borrie , Italians and Germans in Australia (Melbourne, Cheshire, 1953), pp. 80-3; and C.A. Price , Southern Europeans in Australia (Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 1963).

The same phenomenon was reported by Rose H. Lee for the Chinese in the U.S. in the 1940s. 'Occupational Invasion, Succession and Accommodation of the Chinese of Butte, Montana', American Journal of Sociology (Vol. 55, 1949-50), p. 58.