Integration in a Multi-Racial Institution: Ethnic Attitudes among Chinese and Malay Students at the University of Malaya

Monthly Statistical Bulletin of the States of Malaya. September 1965.

Numerous studies have shown the cumulative nature of the cleavages which divide Chinese, Malays, and Indians from each other. Examples of these works include: K.J. Ratnam , Communalism and the Political Process in Malaya ( Kuala Lumpur, University of Malaya Press, 1964); R.S. Milne , Government and Politics of Malaysia (Boston, Houghton-Mifflin Company, 1967); Robert O. Tilman , Bureaucratic Transition in Malaya (Durham, N.C., Duke University Press, 1964); Gayl Ness , Bureaucracy and Rural Development in Malaysia (Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1967); and Norton Ginsburg and Chester F. Roberts , Jr., Malaya (Seattle, University of Washington Press , 1958).

As examples of major integration studies in which independent measures of integration and its determinants do not exist, see the following: Ernst Haas , The Uniting of Europe (Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1958); Amitai Etzioni , Political Unification: A Comparative Study of Leaders and Forces ( New York, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc., 1965); Karl Deutsch et al., Political Community and the North Atlantic Area (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1957); Joseph S. Nye , Jr., Pan Africanism and East African Integration (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1965); Philip E. Jacob and James V. Toscano (eds.), The Integration of Political Communities ( Philadelphia and New York, J.B. Lippincott Company, 1964); and Claude E. Welch , Jr., Dream of Unity: Pan-Africanism and Political Unification in West Africa (Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press , 1966).

Philip E. Jacob and Henry Teune , 'The Integrative Process: Guidelines for the Analysis of the Bases of Political Community', in Philip E. Jacob and James V. Toscano (eds.), op. cit., pp. 1-45.

These relationships of willingness are a modified version of the Bogardus social distance scale. See Claire Selltiz , Marie Jahoda , Morton Deutsch and Stuart W. Cook , Research Methods in Social Relations (New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1964), pp. 371-2.