Political and Economic Planning, Report on Racial Discrimination ( London, 1967).
2.
Report of the Race Relations Board for 1966-67 ( London , H.M.S.O., 1967).
3.
Joseph P. Witherspoon , 'Civil Rights Policy in the Federal System: Proposals for a Better Use of Administrative Process', Yale Law Journal (74, 1965), pp. 1171-1244, esp. pp. 1191-2.
4.
Professor Witherspoon did some interesting calculations as to the size of budget necessary for successful commission operations. He estimated that the New York State Commision in 1960 needed a budget of $5,375,000 to process, at an optimum level, the bulk of individual complaints in employment, housing, public accommodation and education. He then went on to say: Assuming that the amount allocated for police activities is related to the amount that ought to be allocated for human relations activities, we can make some interesting comparisons of the adequacy of the budgets provided for state human relations commissions. A 1960 budget of $5,375,000 for the New York State Commission represents 35 % of the New York State budget for state police activities. In fact, the commission had a budget of only $950,000 in that year. On the theory that the budget of a state human relations commission should be at least 10 % of the state's budget for police activities, the 1960 budget of many human relations commissions appear to have been quite deficient. The two relevant figures (for actual and needed budgets) for the specified states in 1960 were as follows:-Massachusetts ($100,000; $504,000), Ohio ($100,000; $944,700), New Jersey ($148,000; $1,119,900), California ($203,000; $2,958,700), and Michigan ($148,000; $1,165,200). Budgets for the years subsequent to 1960 have still not approached the necessary levels indicated for 1960. For example, the 1965 budget of the Massachusetts and Ohio Commissions are $170,000 and $205,000 respectively, the New York State Commission budget for 1963 was increased only to $1,537,000. Ibid., pp. 1204-5. The budget of the Michigan Civil Rights Commission increased to almost $1 million for 1966-67.
5.
It is of interest that one of the firms represented, General Motors, was indicted for practising discrimination, or for failing to end previous practices quickly enough, in their apprenticeship and skilled trades programmes. H.D. Block, in an article 'Discrimination Against the Negro in New York, 1920-1963' in The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, (XXIV, October 1965) pp. 361-382, found that in the Central Atlantic Region, General Motors had 171 apprentices of whom two were Negroes and both were apprentices in plants in the same state. He also found a similar pattern in the skilled trades where the total employed in the three areas under study was 11,314 of whom 230 were Negroes. In light of this information one must be rather wary when reading the claims of the company representatives.
