English Law and Incitement to Racial Hatred

Sir J.F. Stephen , Digest of the Criminal Law (London, Macmillan, 1883), art 91, cited and approved by Cave, J., in R. v. Burns (1886), 16 Cox C.C. at pp. 359-60.

' Op. cit., art. 93, cited and approved by Cave, J., in R. v. Burns (supra) at p. 360.

See the observations of Cave, J., in R. v. Burns (supra) at p. 359.

(1893) 9 C. & P. 456; 173 E.R. 910.

Sir J.F. Stephen , History of the Criminal Law (London, Macmillan, 1883) vol. II, p. 375.

(1886) 16 Cox C.C. 355.

(1868) 11 Cox C.C. 44 (an Irish Case).

At p. 363.

At pp. 366-7.

Reported in The Times (18 November 1947), and verbatim in An Editor on Trial (Morecambe Press Ltd., 1947). For a note on the case see E. C. S. Wade, (1948) 64 L.Q.R. 203.

Compare R. v. Boucher [1951] 2 D.L.R. 369 (Supreme Court of Canada) which supports Birkett, J.'s statement of the law.

12 (1909) 22 Cox C.C. 1.

(1801) 2 East, at p. 21. Approved in R. v. Manley [1933] 1 K.B. 529 at p. 534.

Reported in The Times (22 September 1936).

Joshua v. R. [1955] A.C. 121.

See generally: R. v. Newland [1954] 1 Q.B. 158, per Lord Goddard, C.J.; Glanville Williams , Criminal Law; The General Part (London, Stevens and Sons, Ltd., 1961, 2nd edition), section 190. For authorities against the offence, see the argument by counsel for the defence in Joshua v. R. (supra).

[1963] 2 All E.R. 225.

At p. 227.

For the scope of section 5 of the Public Order Act, 1936, after Jordan v. Burgoyne, see D.G.T. Williams , Modern Law Review (Vol. 26, 1963) p. 425.

See generally: B.A. Hepple , 'Race Relations Act, 1965': Modern Law Review Vol. 29, 1966 , pp. 306 ff; D. G. T. Williams, Racial Incitement and Public Order [1966] Crim. L.R. 320.

[1967] 1 All E.R. 486.

At p. 488.

For another view, see M. Partington, Race Relations Act 1965: A Too Restricted View? [1967] Crim. L.R. 497.

Standing Committee B, 1 June 1965, cols. 143-4.

At p. 488.

At the Devon Assizes at Exeter of 23-25 January 1967.

For an account of the trial, see The Times (26 January 1967); Western Morning News (24-26 January 1967).

At p. 488.

For a Jewish view of this question, see Three Questions Jews Must Answer (Fire-side Discussion Group of the Anti-Defamation League B'nai B'rith. No. VII, Chicago, Ill.); Solomon Freehof , Race, Nation or Religion ( Chicago, The Argus book shop inc., 1935).

See 711 H. C. Deb. 932-33 of 3 May 1965 (Sir Frank Soskice, Home Sec.); 711 H.C. Deb. 1043 of 3 May 1965 (Sir Dingle Foot, Sol. Gen.).

See Mills v. Cooper, The Times (10 March 1967). For a note on this case, see Race (Vol. IX, No. 1) p. 94.

716 H.C. Deb. 969-73 of 16 July 1965.

711 H.C. Deb. 941 of 3 May 1965 (Sir Frank Soskice).

See Lord Silkin's amendment to the Defamation Bill, 1952; Report of the Committee on the Law of Defamation (Porter Committee Report), (1948, Cmnd. 7536).

See 729 H.C. Deb. 926 of 27 May 1966 (Mr. Paul Rose): 729 H.C. Deb. 935-36 of 27 May 1966 (Mr. John Hunt).

711 H.C.Deb. 980-81 of 3 May 1965.

275 H.L. Deb. 1253 of 7 July 1966 (Lord Stonham, Joint Parl. Under-Sec. of State, Home Office).

Quoted during the trial of Colin Jordan, January 1967 (supra).

See 711 H.C. Deb. 1042-43 of 3 May 1965 (Sir Dingle Foot, Sol. Gen.).

See 711 H.C. Deb. 940-41 of 3 May 1965 (Sir Frank Soskice, Home Sec.); 729 H.C. Deb. 946 of 27 May 1966 (Mr. Maurice Foley, Joint Parl. Under-Sec. of State, Home Office); but see also 711 H.C. Deb. of 960 3 May 1965 (Sir Barnett Janner).

See n. 28 (supra); Standing Committee B of 27 May 1965, cols. 60 (Sir Frank Soskice, Home Sec.), 65-69 (Mr. Paul Rose), 70 (Mr. Norman St. John-Stevas); 278 H.L. Deb. 1862 of 19 December 1966 (Lord Soper).

See n. 29 (supra).

711 H.C. Deb. 932-3 of 3 May 1965 (Home Secretary).

711 H.C. Deb. 941 of 3 May 1965 (Sir Frank Soskice, Home Sec.).

268 H.L. Deb. 1012 of 26 June 1965 (Lord Stonham, Joint Parl. Under-Sec. of State, Home Office).

See references 44 and 45 (supra); also 711 H.C. Deb. 1040 of 3 May 1965 (Sir Dingle Foot, Sol. Gen.); Standing Committee B of 27 May, 1965, col. 56 (Sir Frank Soskice, Home Sec.); 275 H.L. Deb. 1251 of 7 July 1966 (Lord Stonham, Joint Parl. Under-Sec. of State, Home Office).

See observations of Lord Elton, 278 H.L. Deb. 1865-6 of 19 December 1966.

727 H.C. Deb. 1624-7 of 4 May 1966 (Sir Frank Soskice, Sol. Gen.); 728 H.C. Deb. 1327-8 of 18 May 1966 (Sir Elwyn Jones, Att.-Gen.).

728 H.C. Deb. 1327-8 of 18 May 1966 (Sir Elwyn Jones, Att.-Gen.); 729 H.C. Deb. 946-7 of 27 May 1966 (Mr. Maurice Foley, Joint Parl. Under-Sec. of State, Home Office).

For an account of this case, see Evening Sentinel (Hanley, 23 May 1967).

Bill 127 [H.L.], session 1966-7.

278 H.L.Deb. 1846 of 19 December 1966.

Racial Discrimination (London, Political and Economic Planning [P.E.P.] Report, April 1967); Report of the Race Relations Board for 1966-67 (Parl. Paper No. 437), (April 1967); Anti-Discrimination Legislation (The Street Report) (London, P.E.P., November 1967). None dealt with racial incitement.