Aliens in England in the Sixteenth Century

Comparatively little has been written on the subject of the Huguenot exiles, but I wish to express my thanks to Miss Irene Scouloudi for kindly allowing me to make use of material in her unpublished M.Sc. thesis on Alien Immigration and Alien Communities in London, 1558-1640 (1937).

W. Cunningham , Alien Immigrants to England (1897), p. 138.

For a succinct account of the May-Day disturbances, see Martin Holmes , 'Evil May-Day, 1517: the story of a riot', History Today (September 1965). Although the riot was largely the work of London's apprentices and journeymen, a number of merchants at Henry VIII's Court were also jealous of the aliens' wealth and influence and therefore anxious to foment trouble.

See Alien Immigration and Alien Communities in London, 1558-1640, for this classification of alien immigrants.

W.J.C. Moens , Register of baptisms in the Dutch Church at Colchester from 1645 to 1728 (Huguenot Society of London, 1905), p. i.

For the Maidstone settlement see V. Morant , 'The Settlement of Protestant Refugees in Maidstone during the Sixteenth Century', Econ. Hist. Rev. (19512nd Ser., Vol. IV, No. 2).

Records of the City of Norwich, Vol. II, ed. W. Hudson and J. T. Tingey (1910), p. 332; Tudor Economic Documents, Vol. I, ed. R. H. Tawney and E. E. Power (1924), pp. 298-99.

W.J.C. Moens , The Walloons and their Church at Norwich: their history and registers, 1565-1832 (Huguenot Society of London, 1887-8 ), pp. 244-5.

Ibid, p. 20.

The Walloons and their Church at Norwich, pp. 220-24; Tudor Economic Documents, Vol. 1, pp. 299-301.

W.R. Rudd , 'The Norfolk and Norwich Silk Industry', Norfolk Archaeology , (Vol. XXI, 1923), pp. 248-49.

N.J. Williams , 'Two Documents Concerning the New Draperies ', Economic History Review (2nd Series, Vol. IV, No. 3, 1952).

The Walloons and their Church at Norwich, p. 20.

Op. cit., p. 27; J.S. Burn , The History of the French, Walloon, Dutch and other Protestant Refugees settled in England, etc. (1846), p. 64; Neville Williams , Thomas Howard Fourth Duke of Norfolk (1964), pp. 179-88.

The Walloons and their Church at Norwich, pp. 28, 29.

J. Strype , The Life and Acts of Matthew Parker, Vol. III (1821), Appendix lxxiii, p. 210.

See J.F. Pound , 'An Elizabethan Census of the Poor', University of Birmingham Historical Journal (Vol. VIII, 1962).

State Papers Domestic, Eliz., Vol. XX, No. 49; Tudor Economic Documents , Vol. 1, pp. 315-16; The Walloons and their Church at Norwich, App. XIX, p. 262.

S.P.D., Eliz . , Vol. CLX, No. 37; The Walloons and their Church at Norwich, App. XX, p. 263.

Register of Baptisms in the Dutch Church at Colchester, p. ii; P. Morant , 'History and Antiquities of Colchester', in History and Antiquities of the County of Essex, Vol. 1, (1768), pp. 75-6.

S.P.D., Eliz . , Vol. LXXVIII, No. 9 (1); Tudor Economic Documents, Vol. 1, pp. 310-14; Register of Baptisms in the Dutch Church at Colchester, p. 95. In addition to the Flemings, there were four French-speaking aliens and four Scots, bringing the total number of strangers to 185.

Geoffrey Martin , The Story of Colchester (1959 ), p. 49.

S.P.D., Eliz . , Vol. CXLVI, No. 63; Tudor Economic Documents, Vol. 1, pp. 319-20.

S.P.D., Eliz . , Vol. CCXL, No. 115; Register of Baptisms in the Dutch Church at Colchester , p. ix.

S.P.D., Eliz . , Vol. CCLXXVIII, No. 124; Register of Baptisms in the Dutch Church at Colchester, p. x.

S.P.D., Jac. 1, Vol. XXXVIII, No. 161; Register of Baptisms in the Dutch Church at Colchester , p. x.

'History and Antiquities of Colchester', p. 77.

For the complete register of baptisms from 1645 to 1728, see W.J.C. Moens , Register of Baptisms in the Dutch Church at Colchester, pp. 1-62.

Basil E. Cracknell : Canvey Island: The History of a Marshland Community (Leicester University Press, 1959), pp. 20-30.

The actual return (S.P.D., Eliz., Vol. XXVII, No. 19) gives a total of 4,534, but the figure quoted here is the one reached by Irene Scouloudi by the addition of each separate entry. Throughout this paragraph and the next, I shall be using Miss Scouloudi's figures where she has shown the original total to be inaccurate.

The History of the French, Walloon, Dutch, pp. 218-19; The Life and Acts of Matthew Parker, Vol. III, Appendix lxxiii, pp. 209-12; Alien Immigrants to England, pp. 154-5.

J. Strype , Annals of the Reformation, Vol. II ( 1824), Pt. 1, p. 574.

S.P.D., Eliz . , Vol. LXXXI, No. 29. Tudor Economic Documents, Vol. 1, pp. 308-10.

Sir Simonds D'Ewes , A Complete Journal of the Votes, Speeches and Debates both of the House of Lords and House of Commons throughout the whole Reign of Queen Elizabeth (1708), pp. 505-509.

Annals of the Reformation, Vol. IV, No. 108, pp. 234-6.

F.J. Fisher , 'Commercial Trends and Policy in Sixteenth-Century England', Economic History Review (Vol. X, 1940), p. 96.

The History of the French, Walloon, Dutch, pp. 12-13.

Daniel Lysons , The Environs of London, Vol. 1 ( 1795-6), p. 503.

Elspeth Huxley , Back Street New Worlds (1964), p. 87.