Protestant Missionaries in the West Indies: Pioneers of a Non-Racial Society

Reported in the Daily Telegraph, 1 April 1964.

E.B. Underhill , Life of the Rev. J. M. Phillippo, London, 1881, p. 40 ff.

Report of the Sectarian Committee, 1828.

J. Shipman , MS., 'Notes on the present state of religion among the Negroes in Jamaica ', 1820 (Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society Archives, West Indies Biographical Box I).

J.H. Buchner , The Moravians in Jamaica, London, Longman, Brown and Company, 1854 , p. 1.

P. Duncan and W. Knibb , Religious Persecution in Jamaica (Pamphlet), London, 1832.

E.B. Underhill , op. cit, p. 76.

J. Sturge and T. Harvey , The West Indies in 1837, London, Hamilton Adams and Company, 1838, p. 281.

MacGill, Brief Memorial of the Late Rev. James Watson (Pamphlet), Edinburgh , 1873, p. 5.

The Wesleyan Methodist Magazine, 1844, Vol. XXIII, 3rd Series, p. 513.

J. Horsford , A Voice from the West Indies, London, 1856, p. 280.

MS. account of Greenhill Church, Antigua Moravian Archives.

Taylor to Sowerby, St. Kitts, 10 March 1803 (Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society Archives, Correspondence: West Indies).

J.H. Hinton , Memoir of William Knibb, London, 1849 , p. 286 ff.

E.B. Underhill : op. cit, pp. 161-2.

H.M. Waddell , Twenty-Nine Years in the West Indies and Central Africa, London, 1863, pp. 150-7.

Sir Lionel Smith to Lord Glenelg, Jamaica, 25 June 1838; Parliamentary Papers relating to the West Indies, London, 1840, p. 1.

W. M. Williams, annual report for Bethel, St. Kitts, 1909 (St. Kitts Moravian Archives).

C. P. Julian, annual report for Estridge, St. Kitts, 1908 (St. Kitts Moravian Archives).

William Knibb's speech in Exeter Hall, London, 22 May 1840 (Pamphlet).

J.H. Hinton , op. cit, pp. 305, 428.

H.M. Waddell , op. cit, pp. 152, 73.

W.F. Burchell , Memoir of Thomas Burchell, London, 1849, Appendix, p. 413.

J.H. Hinton , op. cit, p. 428; Parliamentary Papers relating to the West Indies, London , 1840, p. 43.

P. Curtin , Two Jamaicas, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1955, ch. IX.

In 1958 there were 210,000 Indians in Trinidad, of whom 30,000 were Christian. R. G. Neehall, 'Presbyterianism in Trinidad', unpublished S.T.M. thesis for Union Theological Seminary, New York. I am grateful to the Revd. A. C. Dayfoot for enabling me to see this thesis.

J. Hearne , European Heritage and Asian Influence in Jamaica, Public Affairs in Jamaica No. 1, Kingston, Department of Extramural Studies, 1963.

J. Horsford , op. cit, p. 256.

Sir Alan Bums , History of the British West Indies, London, Allen and Unwin, 1954, p. 673.